Survey On The Status And Cognition Of Cervical Cancer Among Females In Rural Areas Of Yan'an City

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in female reproductive system.The incidence of cervical cancer has been on the rise in recent years,and the patients become younger in average age.There are regional differences in cervical cancer,which are related to education and economic level.Meanwhile,cognition of cervical cancer affects its incidence and prognosis.Objective:This survey investigated the status of cervical cancer related knowledge and prevalence among some rural women in Yan'an,for the sake of providing reference for scientific prevention and treatment of cervical cancer in rural women in this city.It also sought ways to enhance health awareness and improve cervical cancer related cognition,thereby improving the coverage rate of early diagnosis and early treatment of cervical cancer in Yan'an,ultimately to reduce the morbidity and mortality.Method:1.Survey on the cognition of cervical cancer among females in rural areas of Yan'an City:Two county were selected as survey points via multi-stage random sampling method according to different geographic location and economic levels.Each survey point selected 200-300 women from 3-5 towns according to different directions then.The survey was conducted by a self-made questionnaire about cervical cancer-related knowledge,which included 33 items as follows:basic information of subjects,cervical cancer awareness,HPV awareness,HPV vaccine awareness,gynecological screening and awareness,etc.Scored,calculated and evaluated some items.Then investigator carried out a one-to-one interview collecting the questionnaire results.Used SPSS 22.0 software to input data and calculated the main indexes:mean,standard deviation,rate,composition ratio,etc.The statistical analysis adopted t-test and chi-square test,and the difference was statistically significant when P<0.05.2.Survey on the status of cervical cancer among females in rural areas of Yan'an City:Married women in three counties of Yan'an City which were"Two Cancer(Breast Cancer,Cervical Cancer)Screening"project counties were randomly recruited according to different geographic location and economic level.Each county randomly selected 5-8towns according to different directions for cervical cancer screening then.Inspection items included these items:gynecological examination,exfoliation cytology examination of cervix,colposcopy,histopathological examination of cervical biopsies.Data were entered and analyzed with SPSS22.0.The main indexes of calculation were:mean,standard deviation,rate,composition ratio,etc.The statistical analysis adopted t test and chi-square test,variance analysis,etc.The comparison between groups adopted ANOVA or rank sum test,and the difference was statistically significant according to P<0.05.Result:1.Survey on the cognition of cervical cancer among females in rural areas of Yan'an City:A total of 495 people were investigated,including 200 in Wuqi County and295 in Yichuan County,and the difference of basic data between the two counties subjects was statistically significant(P<0.05).The awareness rate of cervical cancer was19.60%~82.42%,and the awareness rate of HPV was 7.27%~32.53%.Among them,12.93%women did not think gynecological examination was necessary,and more than14%women had never had a gynaecological examination.There were significant statistical differences between different occupations and education levels about the awareness rate of HPV(?~2=7.054,10.797,25.135,39.976,54.849,5.613,15.619,19.997,103.617,P<0.05).The awareness rate of women in poor Yichuan County was lower than that of women in richer Wuqi County.The education level of women in Wuqi County is higher than that of Yichuan County.It indicated that people's attention to health largely depended on their economic level.2.Survey on the status of cervical cancer among females in rural areas of Yan'an City:2.1 A total of 7096 women were investigated in three counties,including four cases of cervical squamous cell infiltrating carcinoma were detected in Yichuan County while one case of carcinoma in situ was detected in Yanchuan.The positive rate of cervical exfoliation cytology,the rate of precancerous lesion detection and cervical cancer detection reached 3.07%,507.328/100,000 and 56.369/100,000.The detection rate of cervical cancer in this survey was higher than that of Shaanxi Province(47.8/100,000)announced by the Statistics Bureau of Shaanxi Province in 2015(?~2=26.516,P<0.05).2.2 The positive rate of cervical exfoliative cytology in this survey was lower than that of rural women in Yan'an City in 2016 and higher than that in 2017(?~2=100.353,?~2=23.716,P<0.05).The positive rate of cervical cytology was 4.25%in Yanchuan County,the highest,2.99%in Yichuan,the second,1.40%in Baota,the lowest(?~2=6.340,?~2=9.180,?~2=19.944,P<0.05).The positive rate of cervical cytology in the middle school educational level group was higher than that in the college and above group(?~2=6.547,P<0.0167);the detection rate of precancerous lesions in low-income group was higher than that in middle-income group.Conclusion:1.The rural women's awareness of cervical cancer in Yan'an is very low,and the cognitive level is related to the economic level.2.The prevalence of cervical cancer is high in rural women of Yan'an City.3.The prevalence of cervical cancer among rural women in Yan'an City is related to education and economic level.