| Background: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(CSCC)caused by abnormal proliferation of skin squamous epithelial cells is one of the most common skin malignant tumors.Among the known non-malignant melanoma skin cancers,except for malignant melanoma,the incidence of skin squamous cell carcinoma is second only to skin basal cell carcinoma[1].In the study of skin tumors in Europe and the United States,the incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 20% of skin malignant tumors,and the ratio of male and female is about 3: 1[2].The cause of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is complex and unclear.According to recent studies,it is related to factors such as race[3],age[4],and long-term ultraviolet radiation[5] and the other factors.It has also been reported in the literature that the above-mentioned causes lead to abnormal expression of some genes,causing squamous cells of the skin to become cancerous[6].In recent studies,cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has a tendency to increase invasiveness,metastasis and deterioration.Once cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma invaded the nerves and blood vessels,it will be transferred to important organs and even life-threatening[7].There are few reports about protein in the process of invasion and metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,and its mechanism is still being studied.Ezrin protein is distributed in the cell membrane of all kinds of epithelial cells,which can act as a scaffold to help connect the actin of the cytoskeleton and the membrane protein of the cell,and make the interaction between actin and membrane protein,so as to maintain the normal movement and morphology of the cell[8].In recentyears,it has been found that Ezrin protein is an important target molecule in some tumors because of its interaction with cell adhesion molecules and interventional signal transmission,which participates in the occurrence,invasion and metastasis of tumors.[9]C-fos gene is a kind of proto-oncogenes and its expressed product c-fos protein is present in the nucleus.It can re-encode oncogenes and produce various transcription factors,which regulate the growth,development and differentiation of normal cells by regulating the expression and transcription of other genes[10].In recent years,it has been found that most c-fos proteins play a role in the early cell cycle of tumors,inducing the transformation of epithelial tumor cells into mesenchymal tumor cells,leading to changes in tumor behavior[11].Objective: To study the expression of Ezrin protein and c-fos protein in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,and the relationship between the expression of these two proteins and the degree of differentiation of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,to explain the changes of these two proteins in the occurrence,invasion and metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.To explore the expression of Ezrin protein and c-fos protein in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and the correlation between these two proteins and tumor pathological differentiation,and to further clarify whether Ezrin protein and c-fos protein can be used as factors affecting the progression and prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,and finally provide theoretical basis for studying the role of protein in early diagnosis and tumor prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Methods: Tissue samples from patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed by pathology in the second affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2015 to January 2019 were collected.23 cases of skin squamous cell carcinoma,23 cases of matched paracancerous tissues and 20 cases of normal skin tissues were used as blank control.Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of Ezrin protein and c-fos protein in 23 cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,paracancerous tissues and 20 cases of normal skin tissues.By using Image-Jsoftware,the average optical density of Ezrin protein and c-fos protein and the expression area of positive granules were analyzed.?2test was used to compare the positive expression rates of the two proteins in cancerous tissues,paracancerous tissues and normal skin tissues,as well as in different differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.R test was used to compare the correlation between the expression of the two proteins in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Results:The expression of Ezrin protein and c-fos protein was negative or low in normal skin tissues.In the study,it was found that the expression of Ezrin protein in cancer tissues of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma reached 78.3%,which was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues(the positive expression rate is 4.3%)and normal skin tissue(the positive expression rate is 5%)(P<0.05).The expression of Ezrin protein in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is higher than that in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma,and the expression in moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma is higher than that in highly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.The above results suggest that the lower the degree of differentiation of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,the higher the expression of Ezrin protein.In the cancer tissues of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,the positive expression rate of c-fos protein was73.9%,which is much higher than that in adjacent tissues(the positive expression rate is4.3%)and normal skin tissues(the positive expression rate is 0%),(P<0.05).The expression of c-fos protein in highly differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was higher than that in moderately and poorly differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.In further analysis,it was found that there was no significant difference in the expression of c-fos protein between moderately and poorly differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma..This study also found that there was a positive correlation between the expression of Ezrin protein and c-fos protein in skin squamous cell carcinoma,that is,the higher the expression of Ezrin protein,the higher the expression of c-fos protein.Conclusion: the expression level of Ezrin protein and c-fos protein in skinsquamous cell carcinoma is significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues and normal skin tissues.The expression of Ezrin protein and c-fos protein was positively correlated with the differentiation degree of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,indicating that these two proteins may cooperate in the process of occurrence,invasion and metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,and may affect the progression and prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma,and provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. |
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