| According to data from the International Diabetes Federation(IDF),there are about 120 million people suffering from type 2 diabetes(T2DM)in China in 2017,making it the world's largest disease-causing country.The prevalence rate among people aged 20-79 is about 9.8%.More seriously,according to China's 2017 Guidelines for Diabetes Prevention,about 63%of diabetic patients in China are not clearly diagnosed,and there are about 40 million patients in pre-diabetes.The so-called pre-diabetes are mainly divided into two types,namely,impaired glucose tolerance(IGT)and impaired fasting glucose(IFG).Impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting blood glucose is an important part of the natural progression of normal body progression to type 2 diabetes.Previous studies have shown that early detection and active intervention of IGT/IFG population is one of the effective means to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes.A large number of published literatures have shown that flavonoids and saponins contained in natural plants can effectively improve insulin resistance,and the natural foods of these studied natural plants are notable for common foods such as bitter gourd,gynostemma and medlar.To some extent,its safety is higher than the direct use of drugs for intervention.Based on the above viewpoints and the previous research basis,this study studied the anti-diabetic activity and mechanism of the active constituents of the Uraria crinite and the active ingredients of the genus Corydalis in the Guangdong and Guangxi regions.In order to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of the active constituents of Radix Ginseng and its possible mechanism,this study used a palmitic acid-induced HepG2 human hepatoma cell line to prepare a hepatocyte insulin resistance model,and then used this model as a basis to evaluate the aqueous extract of Uraria crinite.The three components of total flavonoids and total saponins improve the uptake of glucose and intracellular lipid accumulation in insulin-resistant hepatocytes,and then the above components are improved by enzyme reaction analysis,ELISA,RT-PCR and Western Blot,in the purpose of finding the possible mechanisms of cellular insulin resistance.The results showed that:1)After 24 hours of induction with 200 ?M palmitic acid,the glucose content of the hepatocytes in the medium supernatant(with or without insulin)or the intracellular lipid droplets were significantly higher than the blank group,indicating that the model was constructed successfully;2)Water extract,total flavonoids and total saponins of Uraria crinite can increase the glucose uptake of model cells and reduce the accumulation of intracellular lipids and reduce the content of intracellular triglycerides in different degrees;3)The effective components of Uraria crinite can inhibit the activity of palmitic acid against hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase in different degrees,and can down-regulate the expression of induced fatty acid synthase;4)the active constituents of stone ginseng can reverse palmitic acid to improve ACC and PDK in different degrees.-1,PEPCK,etc.and reduce the effects of ATGL,CPT-1,HMGCR,GLUT-2,PGC-1?;5)The active constituents of stone ginseng can up-regulate IRS-1 and down-regulate the expression of SREBP-1 to enhance AKT and FoxO1 Phosphorylation.In conclusion,this paper firstly analyzed the improvement effect of the active constituents of Radix Ginseng on hepatic insulin resistance and its possible mechanism,and proved that the active constituents of Radix Ginseng can improve cell lipids by regulating PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 signaling pathway.In addition,it improves the de novo synthesis of cellular lipids,inhibits gluconeogenesis,improves glucose transport and metabolism,and intervenes in insulin resistance,and provides some basic research basis for the development and utilization of stone ginseng,a natural plant of Guangdong characteristics,in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. |
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