| BackgroundDiabetes(DM)is a metabolic disease,which is mainly characterized by chronic hyperglycemia.Laboratory tests show relatively low insulin secretion and / or relatively low insulin efficacy.One of the epidemiological characteristics of DM in China is mainly type 2 diabetes(T2DM).The existing evidence indicates that the intestinal flora and T2 DM are closely related.GLP-1 is one of the currently known incretins.Studies have confirmed that changes in the intestinal flora can affect the expression of GLP-1 in the intestine.The use of antibiotics is the most common factor leading to changes in intestinal flora.Antibiotics can affect the prognosis of Type 2 diabetics by changing the expression of intestinal flora and GLP-1.Exploring the effect of antibiotics on the intestinal microecology of Type 2 diabetics is of great significance for the rational use of medicines.ObjectiveERIC-PCR,traditional bacterial culture,and Immunohistochemistry(IHC)were used to detect changes in intestinal flora structure and colonic GLP-1 expression before and after the administration of ceftriaxone sodium in a type 2 diabetic rat model.MethodsForty SD rats were adaptively fed with basic feed for 2 weeks,and 5 were randomly selected as healthy control group(CK group).The remaining rats were prepared with type 2 diabetes by high fat diet combined with streptozotocin.Five rats in the effective model were randomly determined to be included in the DM group.The remaining rats received intraperitoneal injection of ceftriaxone sodium for 5 consecutive days.The rats in the CK group and the DM group were given intraperitoneal injection of normal weight normal saline.Five rats were sacrificed,and as a K1,K3,K5,T1 and T2 group,a rat was killed at each time point above the CK group and the DM group,and fresh feces and colon tissue were taken.Feces are used to make ERIC-PCR fingerprints and bacterial culture.Colon tissue is used to make paraffin sections for immunohistochemical staining.Results1.Fasting blood glucose:The blood glucose levels of K1,K3,and K5 groups were lower than those of DM group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the K5 groups,the blood glucose in the T1 and T2 groups increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).2.ERIC-PCR fingerprints: The diversity of K5 group’s flora was the most significantly lower than that of DM group(P<0.01),with the worst similarity.The T2 group has more diversity than the K5 group and has a higher similarity to the DM group.3.Colony count: K5 and DM groups have the most significant differences in colony counts.The counts of lactobacillus,bifidobacteria,E.coli,and proteus are all lower than those of DM(P<0.01).K5 group increased(P<0.05).4.Immunohistochemistry: Compared with the DM group,the expression of GLP-1 in the cytoplasm of the colon tissue of the K5 group was enhanced,and the difference between the K5 group and the DM group was statistically significant(P<0.05).The expression of GLP-1 in the cytoplasm of colon tissue of T2 group rats was decreased compared with K5 group(P<0.05).Conclusion1.Ceftriaxone sodium can significantly reduce the diversity of intestinal flora in type 2 diabetic rats,and the number of beneficial and harmful bacteria decreases,which may lead to increasing the expression of GLP-1 in the colon,resulting in decreasing blood glucose.2.After 2 weeks that ceftriaxone sodium was discontinued,the intestinal flora diversity and the number of bacteria in type 2 diabetic rats have improved,but the two have not returned to their original state,and the intestinal flora may take longer to repair. |
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