| BackgroundPsychiatric nurses play an important role in the mental rehabilitation of mental disease patients.However,due to the particularity of occupation,psychiatric nurses are prone to anxiety,depression and other mental problems,which will not only harm the health of nurses,but also have a negative impact on the quality of nursing work.Therefore,it is of great significance to understand the status of anxiety and depression symptom in psychiatric nurses and explore their influencing factors for the early identification and intervention of high-risk groups of anxiety and depression symptoms.Research has shown that personality characteristics are closely related to mental health.However,the extant research has mainly adopted the "variable-centered"method to explore the relationship between every personality traits and anxiety or depression symptom separately,thus ignoring the fact that an individual's personality contained not only a personality trait,but a combination of multiple personality characteristics which formed the individual's personality type.In China,there is still a lack of relevant research that using "people-centered" method to explore the heterogeneous personality types of psychiatric nurses,and further to explore the relationship between different personality types and anxiety and depression symptom.ObjectiveIn a larger and representative sample,we aimed to understand the current situation of anxiety and depression symptom among psychiatric nurses,and to identify different personality types of psychiatric nurses using Latent Profile Analysis(LPA).In addition,this study explored the relationship between different personality types of psychiatric nurses and anxiety and depression symptom in order to provide reference for hospital managers to identify high-risk groups of anxiety and depression symptom at an early stage,and to formulate and implement more targeted support measures according to different personality typesMethodsThis study used a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method and selected psychiatric nurses from 4 prefecture-level psychiatric specialized hospitals in Shandong province from January to October in 2019.The survey instruments include self-compiled general information Questionnaire(including demographic variables such as gender,age,marital status,education background and occupational related characteristics such as working years,employment methods,occupational title and the number of night shifts per month.),Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7(GAD-7),and 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9)and the Chinese version of the ten-item Personality Inventory(TIPI-C).A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed and 781 were recovered.Excluding 32 individuals with missing values in major variables(personality),749 participants were included in this study.This study assessed anxiety and depressive symptoms,not clinically diagnosed anxiety and depression.SPSS 21.0 and Mplus 8.3 were used for data analysis.LPA was used to analyze the potential personality profiles of psychiatric nurses.The model fitting indexes included AIC,BIC,LMR and BLRT.Other statistical analysis methods include descriptive analysis,independent-samples T test one-way ANOVA,contingency table chi-square test,Kruskal-wallis non-parametric test,Multivariate analysis of variance and binary Logistic regression analysis,etcResults1.General information of psychiatric nurses:the ages of psychiatric nurses in this study ranged from 20 to 59 years old,with an average age of(34.96±8.44)years old.Among them,78.6%(590/749)were female;79.0%(592/749)were married;77.8%(583/749)had bachelor's degree or above.2.Current situation of anxiety and depressive symptom in psychiatric nurses and their associations with general information:in this study,71.6%of psychiatric nurses had no anxiety symptom,22.7%had mild anxiety symptom,and 5.4%had moderate to severe anxiety symptom.55.0%of nurses had no depressive symptom,30.6%had mild depressive symptom,and 14.0%had moderate to severe depressive symptom.The anxiety symptoms of psychiatric nurses in different working years and monthly frequency of night shift had statistical significance(all P?0.05).The differences of depressive symptoms in average monthly income,working years,job titles and frequency of night shift had statistical significance(all P?0.05).3.Latent Profile Analysis of personality types of psychiatric nurses:the personality types of psychiatric nurses in this study can be divided into four categories:"troubled","resilient","general" and "introverted and conscientious".Among them.the number of "resilient" nurses was small,accounting for only 8.5%,and their scores on conscientiousness,agreeableness,openness and mental stability were highest(all P?0.001)."troubled”nurses accounted for 51.4%of the total sample,and their scores on agreeableness,conscientiousness and mental stability were lowest(all P?0.001)."General" nurses accounted for 28.6%,and their scores on four personality factors were close to the normal range except for the extroversion,whose scores of extroversion showed no difference with "resilient" nurses but ranked highest(P>0.05)."Introverted conscientious" nurses,who accounted for 11.5%,scored lowest in the extroversion factor,but higher on the agreeableness and conscientiousness factors than "General" nurses and "troubled" nurses(all P?0.001).4.Comparison of the distribution of different demographic and job-related characteristics of personality types in psychiatric nurses:demographic characteristics of age(F=5.871,P=0.001),marital status(F=9.020,P=0.029),education degree(F=8.702,P=0.034),the average monthly income(F=13.076,P=0.042)and job-related characteristics of the working years(F=35.572,P<0.001),job titles(F=12.846,P=0.046)distribution is different in different personality types.Post-test results showed that psychiatric nurses with "introverted and conscientious"personalities were older than psychiatric nurses with other personality types.The proportion of nurses with bachelor's degree or above in the "introverted and conscientious" psychiatric nurses was higher than that of nurses with "normal"personality.The proportion of "introverted and conscientious" nurses with married marital status and income of more than RMB 6000 was higher than that of "resilient"nurses.The proportion of nurses with working years of 0-4 years of "introverted and conscientious" nurses is lower than that of nurses with "troubled" personality,but the proportion of nurses with working years of?20 years and the proportion of nurses with job title of "supervisor nurse or above" are higher than that of nurses with"troubled" personality.5.Univariate analysis of the differences of anxiety and depressive symptom scores and positive rates among psychiatric nurses of different personality types:(1)The differences of anxiety symptom scores(P<0.001)and depressive symptom scores(P<0.001)among psychiatric nurses of different personality types were statistically significant.Among them,"troubled" nurses had the most severe symptom of anxiety and depression,and their scores were significantly higher than those of other three personality types(all P<0.001).The score of anxiety symptom of"resilent" nurses was lower than that of "normal" nurses(P=0.026).The scores of depressive symptom of "resilient" nurses were significantly lower than those of"normal" nurses(P=0.024)and "introverted and conscientious" nurses(P=0.002).There was no significant difference in scores of anxiety and depressive symptom among nurses with other personality types(all P>0.05).(2)There were statistically significant differences between positive rates of anxiety symptoms(P<0.001)and positive rates of depressive symptoms(P<0.001)among psychiatric nurses with different personality types.Among them,"troubled" nurses had the highest positive rate of anxiety and depressive symptoms,which was significantly higher than other three personality types(all P<0.05).The positive rate of depressive symptoms of"resilent" nurses was significantly lower than that of "introverted conscientious"nurses,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rates of anxiety and depressive symptom among other psychiatric nurses of different personality types(all P>0.05).6.Binary logistic regression analysis of different personality types and anxiety or depressive symptom:After the adjustment of the demographic and occuoational chatacteristics associated with anxiety symptom,the risk of positive for anxiety symptom among nurses with "troubled" personality was 3.5 times of those with"normal" personality(OR=3.50,95%C1:2.31-5.31),while the risk of positive for anxiety symptom among nurses with "resilent" personality was 0.34 times of those with "normal" personality(OR=0.34,95%C1:0.1 2-1.00).After the adjustment of the demographic and occuoational chatacteristics associated with depressive symptom,the risk of positive for depressive symptom among nurses with "troubled" personality was 3.39 times of those with "normal" personality(OR=3.39,95%C1:2.35-4.90),while the risk of positive for depressive symptom among nurses with "resilent"personality was 0.41 times of those with "normal" personality(OR=0.41,95%C1:0.19-0.89).Conclusion1.The psychiatric nurses experienced some degree of anxiety and depressive symptom.2.The personality types of psychiatric nurses can be divided into four categories:"troubled","introverted and conscientious"."general" and "resilient".Among them,"troubled" nurses accounted for the highest proportion,while the proportion of"resilient" nurses accounted for the lowest.3.The personality types of psychiatric nurses are closely related to anxiety and depressive symptoms.And "troubled" nurses had the most serious anxiety and depressive symptoms,which group deserved more attention.Nursing managers should comprehensively analyze the personality characteristics of nurses and screen out the high-risk population of anxiety and depression symptoms as early as possible.Also nursing managers should carry out reasonable post allocation and mental support according to different personality types of nurses,so as to improve the nursing quality. |
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