Olfactory Dysfunction And Its Related Factors In Parkinson's Disease

Objective:To explore the relationship between olfactory dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)and its related factors.Methods:68 PD patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University during 2017-2019 were recruited.The Hyposmia rating scale(HRS)was used to evaluate olfactory function of the patients with Parkinson's disease.According to the total scores of HRS,the patients were divided into groups of Parkinson's patients with olfactory dysfunction(PD-OD)and Parkinson's patients with no olfactory dysfunction(PD-NOD).The basic information of 68 Parkinson's patients was recorded,such as age,gender,educational history,history of smoking,duration and H-Y stage,besides,Unified Parkinson's disease Rating Scale(UPDRS)III,HRS,Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Wexner constipation score scale,Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire(RBDSQ)and Parkinson's disease Sleep Scale 2(PDSS-2)were assessed and compared.SPSS24.0 was used to make a statistical analysis by independent-samples T test,non-parameter test,crosstab and Logistic regression.P<0.05 stands for the statistical significance.The results were demonstrated in forms and figures.Results:1.The incidence of olfactory dysfunction in 68 patients with Parkinson's disease was 60.29%.The scores of HRS in PD-OD were significantly lower than those in PD-NOD,and there was statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.001).2.The average age of PD-OD was 66.12±9.02,and the average age of PD-NOD was 59.82±10.27.There was significant statistical difference between the two groups(P=0.010).3.Mean age of onset of PD-OD was 62.64±9.14,and mean age of onset of PD-NOD was 55.55±11.03.There was significant statistical difference between the two groups(P=0.005).4.There was no significant difference in the distribution of gender,educational history,history of smoking,duration,H-Y stage between the group of PD-OD and PD-NOD(P>0 05).5.The difference of distribution of scores of MMSE between the group of PD-OD and PD-NOD was statistically significant(P=0.031).6.The difference of distribution of scores of HAMA between the group of PD-OD and PD-NOD was statistically significant(P=0.041).7.The difference of distribution of Wexner constipation scores between the group of PD-OD and PD-NOD was statistically significant(P=0.046).8.There were no significant difference in the distribution of scores of UPDRS-?,HAMD,RBDSQ and PDSS-2 between the group of PD-OD and PD-NOD(P>0 05).9.The frequency of cognitive impairment was significantly higher in group of PD-OD than that in group of PD-OD,and there was significant statistical difference[OR=7.21(1.49-31.81),P=0.007].10.The frequency of anxiety was significantly higher in group of PD-OD than that in group of PD-NOD,and the statistical difference was significant[OR=3.33(1.09-10.22),P=0.030].11.There was no significant statistical difference in the frequency of depression,constipation,rapid eye movement sleep disorder and sleep disorder between the group of PD-OD and PD-NOD(P>0 05).12.Cognitive impairment was the independent risk factors of PD with olfactory dysfunction(P=0.020).Conclusion:The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in PD patients increased with increasing age.Olfactory dysfunction was more likely to occur in PD patients with older mean age of onset.The cognitive function in PD patients with olfactory dysfunction was lower than that in PD patients with no olfactory dysfunction,and constipation in PD patients with olfactory dysfunction was more serious than that in PD patients with no olfactory dysfunction.PD patients with olfactory dysfunction were more likely to have cognitive impairment and anxiety.Cognitive impairment was independent risk factor of PD patients with olfactory dysfunction.