| Objective: To evaluate the average daily intake levels of legumes of gestational women in the second trimester in Wuhan,and to explore their associations with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),so as we could provide scientific foundations for formulating healthy and reasonable gestational dietary policies.Methods: The population in our study,which included 1129 gestational women after strict screening,came from the Tongji Maternal and Infant Health Cohort(TMCHC).The dietary intakes were obtained by valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires(FFQ)at 16-28 w of gestation.GDM was diagnosed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT)at the gestational age of 24-28 w.The relationship between daily intakes of total legumes,fresh legumes,dried legumes and their products during the second trimester and the risk of GDM were assessed by binary logistic analysis.Results: Among the 1129 pregnant women aged 18-45 years old in Wuhan,9.56% had a family history of diabetes,and the people with underweight,normal,overweight or obese pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI)was 20.11%,67.31%,12.58%,respectively.The median daily intake of total legumes,fresh beans,beans and their products in pregnant women was 34.43g/d,17.86g/d,and 11.43g/d,respectively.19.13% of pregnant women's soybean intake reached the recommended value(?20g/d).The incidence of GDM in our study was 11.96%.1.The association between average daily intake of total legumes and GDMCompared with the lowest average daily intake group of total legumes,the relative risk of the middle one was RR = 0.594,95% CI(0.381,0.926),the highest one was RR = 0.512,95% CI(0.317,0.828).After stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI,the relative risk of the highest one was RR=0.339,95% CI(0.179,0.643)among the gestational women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI.Besides,after stratified by family history of diabetes mellitus,the relative risk of the middle one was RR = 0.555,95% CI(0.343,0.897)and the highest one was RR = 0.478,95% CI(0.282,0.811)in the group without family history of diabetes mellitus.2.The association between average daily intake of fresh legumes and GDMThe relative risk of the highest average daily intake group of fresh legumes was RR = 0.617,95% CI(0.391,0.974)compared with the lowest one.After stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI,the relative risk of the highest one was RR=0.419,95% CI(0.213,0.758)among the gestational women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI.3.The association between average daily intake of dried legumes and their products and GDMReferring to the lowest average daily intake group of dried legumes and their products,the relative risk of the middle one was RR = 0.598,95% CI(0.385,0.928),the highest one was RR = 0.447,95% CI(0.294,0.772).After stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI,the relative risk of the highest one was RR=0.460,95% CI(0.253,0.836)among the gestational women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI.Besides,after stratified by family history of diabetes mellitus,the relative risk of the highest one was RR = 0.481,95% CI(0.283,0.819)in the group without family history of diabetes mellitus.Conclusions: During the second trimester,we found that the risk of GDM of gestational women decreases gradually with the increase of average daily intake of total legumes and dried legumes and their products.Compared with the group with the lowest average daily intake of fresh legumes,the group with the highest one had a significantly lower risk of GDM.These reverse correlations above were particularly significant in gestational women with normal BMI and those without family history of diabetes mellitus.Generally speaking,the more intake of the legumes,especially dried ones and their products in the second trimester,the less possible for gestational women to develop GDM. |
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