| Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma was first recorded in the traditional Chinese medicine of Shennong Bencaojing.It has the functions of replenishing vital energy,replenishing the spleen and tonifying the lungs,produce saliva and slake thirst,and calming the mind.However,modern research has reported more on the chemical constituents of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and modern pharmacology research,and there are few studies on the original qi effect,flavor and meridian.Therefore,on the basis of reviewing domestic and foreign research literatures on Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and reviewing them,this paper studies the four properties of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,the classics and the effects of tonifying vital energy by using pharmacological methods of traditional Chinese medicine.Firstly,through consulting and analyzing the ancient herbal works and the modern research literature at home and abroad,the changes of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 's character,meridian,traditional function,syndrome and harvest period were analyzed,and the pharmacological activities of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in recent six years were summarized.Secondly,the research contents are divided into five chapters.In the first three chapters,combining with the textual research of herbal medicine and the theoretical experiment of modern medicine,we studied whether Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma belongs to the liver meridian from the perspectives of literature textual analysis of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to the liver meridian,the change of cyclic nucleotide level in the organs of mice,and the effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma on protecting liver.In the fourth chapter,the effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma on original qi deficiency was studied,and the mechanism of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma on the model mice with deficiency of original qi was explored.In the fifth chapter,four studies on ginseng were carried out,mainly on the pharmacological properties,calories and related components of different processed Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma products.1.the herbal textual research of ginseng returning to the liver meridian,In order to prove that Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma should also be returned to the liver meridian,this paper demonstrates that Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma should also be returned to the liver meridian from the herbal textual research and the meridian-centering methods of modern pharmacological research(the curative effect of drugs,the active parts of drugs,the distribution of effective components in the body of drugs,and the trace elements of Analysis,research shows that whether from the herbal textual research,or from the modern pharmacology,all prove that ginseng should also belong to the liver meridian.2.To study the effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma on liver meridian by studying the effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma on liver meridian,Gastrodia elata and Bupleurum chinense,which belong to liver meridian,were selected as the control material to make traditional decoction,and the normal saline group was set as the blank control group.After 7 days of continuous administration,the heart,liver,spleen and kidney were determined.The contents of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)in lung,kidney,stomach,large intestine and small intestine were determined.The trace elements in three traditional Chinese medicines of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Bupleurum chinense and Gastrodia elata were analyzed and studied.The results showed that the ratio of cAMP / cGMP in the center,liver,spleen,lung and kidney of the ginseng group was significantly different from that of the control group.The ratio of cAMP/cGMP in liver and lung of Bupleurum chinense group was significantly changed.The results were consistent with the traditional meridian.The results of determination of trace elements in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Gastrodiae Rhizoma and Bupleuri Radixshowed that the three traditional Chinese medicines were rich in Cu,Zn,Fe and Mn,which were consistent with the types of elements in liver meridian.Provide basis for ginseng to liver meridian.3.In the third chapter,by establishing APAP-induced acute liver injury model in mice,a blank control group,a model control group,a high dose group of GRS(400 mg/kg),a medium dose group of GRS(200 mg/kg),and a low dose of GRS were established.Group(100 mg/kg),serum mouse liver function index,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity and serum the expression levels of inflammatory factors interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha in serum The oxidative stress index,malondialdehyde(MDA),reduced glutathione(GSH)content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in liver homogenate were measured,and the pathological changes of liver tissue were observed.The results showed that the Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma root saponin group had different degrees of reduction in serum transaminase(ALT,AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),TNF-?,IL-1? in APAP-induced acute liver injury mouse model(P< 0.05).The high and middle dose groups of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma root saponins can up-regulate the GSH content and SOD activity in the liver,and reduce the content of MDA(P<0.05).Pathological biopsy showed that the liver injury in the drug-administered group was significantly less than that in the model group.It is indicated that Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma root saponins have protective effects on acute liver injury induced by APAP,and its mechanism of action is related to inflammation,oxidative stress and improvement of liver function.At the same time,it shows that Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma saponins have a therapeutic effect on liver diseases,and provide a basis for the theory of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to return to the liver meridian.4.Qi deficiency constitution mainly refers to the lack of vitality of the human body.In order to explore the role of traditional Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma vitality,this article establishes a mouse model of qi deficiency through a food restriction method,which results in a loss of vitality when the mice are extremely frail.The control group,the model group,the red ginseng water decoction group,and the decoction group of the Sun-dried ginseng decoction were used.Each group had 10 mice.Except the control group,the amount of feed was sufficient,and the rest of the groups were restricted to food(100 g/kg).By measuring the organ index,whole blood viscosity,the ratio of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)and cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)in the kidney homogenate,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,superoxide dismutase(SOD)Activity,combined with comprehensive indicators such as renal pathology,to explore the pharmacological effects of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Dabu vitality.The results showed that: In the visceral index,compared with the model group,the red ginseng and the dried ginseng decoction group can significantly increase the visceral index of the qi deficiency mice,especially spleen index and thymus index(P<0.01).In the whole blood viscosity,compared with the model group,the red ginseng,Sun-dried ginseng decoction group have inhibition of the whole blood viscosity increase(P<0.05).In the kidney homogenate,compared with the model group,the ratio of cAMP/cGMP increased by red ginseng and Sun-dried ginseng decoction,with significant difference(P<0.05).red ginseng and Sun-dried ginseng decoction Both groups could increase SOD activity and reduce MDA content(P<0.05).In the pathological section of the kidney,compared with the model group,the glomeruli amount in the red ginseng decoction group was normal,and the renal tubular epithelial cells were full.It shows that the supplemental vitality mechanism may be related to the regulation of kidney function,including the adjustment of cAMP/cGMP ratio,antioxidant capacity,thereby restoring the vitality of the mouse,promoting the smooth flow of blood throughout the body,restoring the immune system,strengthening the body's immune system,to achieve original qi the effect.5.In order to investigate the relationship between the medicinal properties(temperature,heat,cold,and cool)of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and its heat and its related components,five-year-old Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and five-year-old Panax quinquefolium were used,among which fresh ginseng was treated with a freeze dryer to dry it.The group,freeze-dried ginseng group,Sun-dried ginseng group,and red ginseng group were set up to measure relevant indexes such as calories,total sugar content,starch content,protein content,crude fat content,saponin content,etc.,and to explore the correlations with their medicinal properties.The results showed that red ginseng was warm,its caloric content,total sugar content,fat content was the highest,and starch content was the lowest;followed by Panax quinquefolium and sun-dried ginseng,it was cool,and its calorie content,total sugar content,fat content were lower,and starch content was higher.Freeze-dried and paradoxically cold,its heat,total sugar content,fat content is least,starch content is highest.Pear-son correlation analysis showed that the total sugar content and fat content of different processed products of ginseng were positively correlated with calories,and the content of starch was negatively correlated with calories.It shows that the Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma 's medicinal properties are related to its calories,total sugar content and fat content.The higher the content,the more mild the medicinal properties.It has a correlation with its starch content,the less the content is,the more mild it is.There was no significant correlation with protein content and saponin content... |
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