Study On The Ingredients With Anti-gout Activity In Radish

The improvement of life quality increased the intake of high-protein food,and the increase of life pressure increased the risk of gout.Gout is an autoimmune inflammatory response to high levels of serum uric acid,which is associated with increased intake of purines and decreased excretion.The main symptoms of gout are hyperuricemia and acute or chronic gout arthritis.The long-term gout may affect other organs,causing various degrees of complications,such as hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes,liver and kidney damage and so on.At present,most anti-gouty drugs were chemical agents,which could be divided into gouty arthritis drugs and urate lowing agents according to the different steps they working on.The gouty arthritis drugs that used on clinical including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,corticosteroids,etc.,while the urate lowing drugs including xanthine oxidase inhibitors and diuretics which could reduce uric acid generation and increase uric acid excretion,respectively.However,currently available chemical agents have adverse drug reactions and cost expensive.It is known that uric acid lowing therapy requires long-term use of drugs,and the high cost of chemical agents will increase the physiological and economic burden of patients.In this paper,we focus on the medicinal and food homologous plants-radish,to obtain ingredients with good uric acid lowering effect and anti-gout arthritis activity.We hope to provide an effective reference for the development of anti-gout products.Chapter?ReviewThis chapter mainly describes the symptoms of gout and hyperuricemia,introduces the causes of gout,clinical manifestations,and the important role of hyperuricemia in the course of gout.The treatment methods of gout:gout arthritis treatment and uric acid lowering treatment,as well as commonly used drugs were introduced.This chapter also introduced the advantages and disadvantages of currently available chemical agents for gout treatment.The current research hotspot and trend of natural products as anti-gout treatment were also clarified in this chapter.In this chapter,the natural products with anti-gout active were briefly described.And the research approaches and objectives of this paper were also summarized.Chapter?Establishment of In Vivo Analysis of Uric Acid and Hyperuricemia ModelIn this chapter,the analytical method of in vivo uric acid samples was established by HPLC,meanwhile,the standard curve was established and methodological investigation was carried out.The obtained standard curve equation was y=5491.7x+31633,R=0.9996,with good linearity in the concentration range of 1~25?g/mL.This method has good separation degree and specificity.The RSD values of intra-day and inner-day precision were less than 2%.The recovery and absolute recovery were between 95%and 105%,and the RSD was less than 2%.All the methodological investigation results shown that this HPLC method was suitable to the analysis of in vivo uric acid samples.Acute hyperuricemia model was established on rats,by intragastric administration of hypoxanthine and intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate.The blood of model rats was collected at different time points after the establishment of the model,and the time point with the highest uric acid concentration was determined as the blood collection time in the follow-up experiments.Chapter?Extraction,Separation and Purification of Uric Acid-Lowering Active Ingredients in RadishIn this chapter,the ingredients with uric acid lowering activity in radish were separated and purified by the pharmacodynamic tracing method.The uric acid lowing effect of ethanol extraction was better than that of water extraction.And then the ethanol extraction was purified by silica gel column,with different proportions of methylene chloride/methanol as the eluent(8:1,6:1,4:1,2:1,1:1),the results of uric acid lowing test show that the 4:1 fraction(Fr4)have the best uric acid lowing activity.By qualitative tests,we determined the main ingredient in Fr4 was flavonoids,while contain carbohydrate.Chapter?Anti-Gout Arthritis Activity and Uric Acid Lowering Activity of Fr4In this chapter,the anti-gout arthritis activity and uric acid lowing effect of Fr4were tested.Meanwhile,serum IL-1?content of gout arthritis rat was detected by ELISA kits.The results showed that the anti-gout arthritis activity of high,medium and low dose groups of Fr4 have dose dependence manner,including reduce the swelling degree of the joints of rats with acute gout arthritis,and reducing the serum IL-1?content.Serum and liver XOD values of hyperuricemia rats in different test groups were detected by ELISA kits,and the protective effects of Fr4 on liver and kidney were observed by histopathological sections.The results shown the high,medium and low dose groups of Fr4 could reduce serum uric acid value,and shown dose-dependent characteristics.In addition,XOD value in serum and liver of rats could be reduced in each dose group,and the effect was most obvious in the high-dose group.Liver and kidney biopsy results showed that the high-dose group could reduce the liver and kidney injury of rats caused by acute hyperuricemia.It is suggested that the Fr4 site may decrease uric acid concentration by maintaining normal physiological functions of liver and kidney.Chapter?Preparation of Fr4 Granules and Investigation of Anti-gout ActiveGranules of Fr4 were prepared in this chapter.Through the single factor screening experiment,the proportion of soluble starch and mannitol,the type of adhesive and the dosage were screened.The factors affecting the preparation of granules were determined through the comprehensive investigation of the molding rate,bulk density and resting Angle.L9(3~4)orthogonal design table was selected to optimize the granule prescription.The optimal formulation was determined to be soluble starch:mannitol6:1,dosage at 10%,adhesive as 0.8%CMC-Na aqueous solution.The quality evaluation of granules prepared according to the optimal prescription was executed.The results shown the granules had uniform size,similar color,ultra-low adhesion and hygroscopicity.Granule particle size test results are less than 15%,the water test results are less than 5%,in accordance with the pharmacopoeia,and the granule can be completely dissolved in water.What's more,the results of uric acid lowering experiment shown that the Fr4 granules did not affect the uric acid lowering active of Fr4.