| BackgroundHeroin addiction is a major medical and social problem that needs to be addressed in China and around the world.The midbrain dopamine system is the key neural circuit for the formation of addiction,and the nucleus accumbens plays an important role in the formation of addiction as an important nuclear group in the brain reward system.Since2000,our hospital has used heroine group damage such as nucleus accumbens to treat heroin addiction and achieved certain effects.Although this method has long been stopped due to irreversible damage and ethical problems,it has left a group of the world’s only model people who have lost the biological activity of nucleus accumbens,and has become the best target for observing the function of nucleus accumbens.Our previous study found that long-term chronic use of heroin can lead to a variety of changes in gray matter volume,low-frequency amplitude,and local consistency of neuronal activity in addicts.Studieshave shown that the default functional network(DMN),Salience network(SN),and executive control network(ECN)are three types of intrinsic functional organization and interaction between each other.It is a major feature of multifunctional brain diseases including addiction.The study of large brain networks helps to understand the nature of neural activity in the local brain region.By observing the changes in brain function and functional connectivity in the brain regions of these heroin addicts who have lost the biological activity of the nucleus accumbens,it is expected to further understand from the neuroimaging perspective that heroin addicts are eager for related brain function changes.As well as the interconnection between different brain networks and networks,it provides a scientific basis for in-depth analysis of the neural mechanism of heroin addiction and optimization of treatment options.ObjectiveUsing the combination of resting-state fMRI technology platform and behavioral indicators,the low-frequency amplitude method and large-scale brain network analysis method were used to observe the changes of brain function and brain function connection in the absence of nucleus accumbens in heroin addicts.To understand the effects of nucleus accumbens on the brain function of heroin addicts,and to understand the changes in function and function of heroin addicts and addiction-related brain regions.MethodsExperiment 1 : Including 24 heroin addicts(Nucleus Accumbens,NAC group),27 heroin Dependence(HD group)and 32 heroin addictions in the absence of nucleus accumbens in our hospital.The healthy subjects(Healthy Control,HC group)underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging,and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the difference in ALFF values among the three groups.Experiment 2:The imaging data of the same subject in Experiment 1 were selected,and the independent brain component(ICA)method was used to determine the core brain regions of the large brain network as Medial Prefrontal Cortex(MPFC)and posteriorcingulate gyrus(Posterior cingulate gyrus,PCC),Left insula,Right insula,Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex(dACC),Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(Left Dosalateral)Prefrontal Cortex,L_dlPFC)and Left Posterior parietal cortex(L_PPC),Right Dorsal Prefrontal Cortex(R_dlPFC)and Right Posterior Parietal cortex(R_PPC)The brain regions were used as seed points to perform functional connectivity(FC),and the brain regions with differences in the three groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance.ResultsExperiment 1: The brain regions with statistically significant differences in ALFF values between the three groups were: left cerebellum,right central posterior gyrus,left caudate nucleus,right frontal gyrus,left wedge,and bilateral iliac crest.Next time.In the right central back,the ALFF value of the HD group was lower than that of the NAC and HC groups;in the left cerebellar hemisphere,the ALFF value of the HD group was higher than the NAC and HC groups;the bilateral sacral gyrus and the left caudate nucleus,the NAC group.The ALFF values of the HD and the HD group were lower than those of the HC group;the ALFF values of the NAC and t HD group were higher than those of the HC group in the right frontal and left wedges.Experiment 2: The statistically significant ROI of the three large brain network connections were medial prefrontal cortex,posterior cingulate gyrus,dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus,left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left posterior parietal cortex.The medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate gyrus of the DMN were used for the whole brain function connection of ROI.The functional connectivity of the bilateral cingulate gyrus and the left thalamus in the NAC and HD groups were significantly lower than those in the HC group.The dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus of the dominant network was used for the whole brain function connection of the ROI.The functional connection strength of the NAC group was higher than that of the HD group,and the HD group was significantly lower than the NAC and HC groups.The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the executive control network was used as the ROI for whole brain function connection.The cerebellar function connection strength of the NAC group was significantly higher than that of HD.The left posterior parietal cortex brain area was the ROI for the whole brain function connection,NAC.The functional connectivity of the right amygdala was significantly higher than that of HD and tends to HC group.The left thalamic functional connectivity of NAC group was slightly higher than that of HD and trended to HC group.Conclusion1.The heroin addicts with nucleus accumbens deficiency,the left cerebellum and the right central posterior gyrus of the function of addiction formation and somatosensory sensation tend to be normal,suggesting that the function of these brain regions has recovered.There was no significant change in the ALFF value of some brain regions belonging to the default functional network and the short-term withdrawal heroin addicts,indicating that the functional damage caused by heroin was not significantly improved after the absence of nucleus accumbens.2.In the prominent network of heroin addicts with nucleus accumbens deficiency,the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and the mid-term gyrus function tend to connect with the normal person,indicating the post-operative prominent network to the default mode network and the control function of the control network.Have recovered.3.The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the left posterior parietal cortex in the control network of the nucleus accumbens are connected to the brain regions of the reward(thalamic),learning and memory(cerebellum,amygdala)Changes tend to be normal,indicating that the functional part of these loops recovered after surgery.The above results also verified that the nucleus accumbens,which is the core brain region of the brain reward system,played an important role in the formation and maintenance of drug addiction. |
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