Comparison Means Obout Urinary Diagnosis In The Four Medical Tantras And Somaratsa

This study is a literature review investigating the unique urinalysis methods described in the latter translated Tibetan medical classic,the heralded Four Treatises(dpal ldan rgyud bzhi)and the earlier renowned medical text,Medical Arts of the Lunar King(sman dpyad zla ba'i rgyal po).This study clearly explains the source of commentaries on the Four Treatises from early Tibet,both earlier and later works,as well as works on clinical experience(nyams yig).Furthermore,through comparative examination of the urinalysis methods taught in the the early Indian medical text Condensed Heart Essence of the Eight Branches(yan lag brgyad pa'i snying bo bsdus pa),Torch of the Secret Quintessence(gsang tig sgron ma),and others,this study reveals methods unique to Tibetan medical works exclusively.This study presents five main analytical subject areas under which the urinalysis methods from these two great works have been examined.The first area of investigation is the historical development of these two works,as well as their respective sources,authors,and modes in which they were accomplished.Likewise,this study provides a brief critique on the sources of Tibet's genuine religious histories.The second area of investigation analyzes the common and unique features of urinalysis methods for each of the two works regarding dietary and lifestyle preliminary practices,time of urine inspection,proper analytic urine vessel,modes of transformation of urine characteristics,and so forth.The third area of investigation presents unique features of each work's specific descriptions of the actual practices of urinalysis,specifically,the three times of inspection;the nine characteristics to be inspected;urine indicating illness,impending death,and harmful external influences(gdon);and so forth.The fourth area of investigation provides a comparative assessment of how each of the two medical works summarize the features of diagnostic urine for the various illness categories,and how those are further summarized for diagnostic urine features of the three nyépa(nyes pa).The fifth area of investigation looks at the entire sixty volume Medical Compendium(gso rig kun bsdus)collection and the Arura Medical Text Series of Tibetan medical works and summaries the related features of urine diagnostics,delineating comparisons with other parts of the medical canon.Furthermore,this study provides a special addition by producing a single summary of the various details scattered throughout the textual content of the Medical Arts of the Lunar King on urine color,steam,odor,bubble formation and so forth.Specifically,in the detailed explications of urine for each disease types presented by the two texts,the urine of imbalanced diseased states is analyzed.Furthermore,this study publishes guidance further developing clinical diagnostic practices for patient records on the basis of the Tibetan medical perspective for urine.This study endeavors to provide a complete account of the necessary analytical materials from the original source and in a form facilitating reading ease that clearly presents the subject headings for urinalysis methods in the early text,Medical Arts of the Lunar King.