The Effect Of Drinking Water On Urine Protein Determination In Diabetic And Healthy Population

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of drinking water on urine protein test results in healthy people and diabetic population under sufficient drinking water and non-sufficient drinking water.Methods: This research was conducted in Hebei General Hospital from October,2018 to January,2019.55 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes,whose 24-hour urine output was ?1.5L were enrolled.In the same period,30 healthy volunteers were recruited as controls.All the subjects signed written informed consent.The inpatients collected another 24-hour urine in 4 days.Requirements: 1.Ensure a uniform intake of 2.5L of liquid(including all dietary and beverage intake).2.Diets(especially protein intake),daily activities,and medications similar to those of the last time collection of urine.The healthy group gave an appropriate amount of drinking water intervention to allow the liquid intake(including all dietary and beverage intake)less than 1.5L,collected 24-hour urine and collected another 24-hour urine sample in 4 days,with same requirement for inpatients.We detected urine volume,urinary transferrin(TRF),urinary ?1 microglobulin,urinary ?2 microglobulin,urinary N-acetyl-?-D-glucoseminidase(NAG),and urinary retinol binding protein(RBP)respectively.Results:1.Comparison of urine protein of different drinking water in healthy groupIn healthy group,compared with the sufficient drinking water state,the concentration of urinary NAG and RBP was significantly higher in non-sufficient drinking water state(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the concentrations of urinary TRF,?1 microglobulin and ?2 microglobulin between sufficient drinking water and non-sufficient drinking water state(P>0.05).Urine TRF,?2 microglobulin,NAG,and RBP were negative in both sufficient drinking water and non-sufficient drinking water state,and the results of urine ?1 microglobulin positive test were inconsistent(P>0.05).Compared with the non-sufficient drinking water state,the urinary TRF,?1 microglobulin,?2 microglobulin and NAG excretion were higher in sufficient drinking water state(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in urinary RBP excretion between sufficient drinking water and non-sufficient drinking water state(P>0.05).2.Comparison of urine protein of different drinking water in diabetic groupIn diabetic group,compared with the sufficient drinking water state,the concentration and positive proportion of urinary TRF,?1 microglobulin,NAG was significantly higher in the non-sufficient drinking water state(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in urine RBP concentration and positive proportion between sufficient drinking water and non-sufficient drinking water state(P>0.05).The concentration of urine ?2 microglobulin in non-sufficient drinking water state was higher than that in sufficient drinking water state(P<0.05),while the difference in positive proportion was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The urinary TRF,?1 microglobulin,?2 microglobulin and RBP positive test results were consistent(P<0.05),and urine NAG positive test results were not consistent(P>0.05).Compared with the non-sufficient drinking water state,the urinary TRF,?1 microglobulin,?2 microglobulin and RBP excretion were higher in sufficient drinking water state(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in urinary NAG excretion between sufficient drinking water and non-sufficient drinking water state(P>0.05).3.Comparison of urine protein difference of different drinking water between diabetic and healthy groupThere was no significant difference in the urinary TRF,?1 microglobulin,?2 microglobulin,NAG and RBP excretion between the diabetic group and the healthy group(P>0.05).Conclusion:1.Sufficient drinking water can affect the determination of urinary TRF,?1 microglobulin,?2 microglobulin,NAG,and RBP.Non-sufficient drinking water will increase the concentration of urine protein,and decrease the amount of excretion.2.Regardless of whether or not they have diabetes,24-hour urine specimens should be used to test urinary TRF,?1 microglobulin,?2 microglobulin,NAG,RBP for clinical evaluation of renal function,and the subject should be in a physiological state of sufficient drinking water.