The Impact Of Allergens, Environmental Factors On Childhood Asthma

BACKGROUND:Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory allergic disease in childhood,and in recent years its prevalence has increased worldwide.Asthma is a complex polygenic disease including environmental factors and an obvious genetic element.There are many risk factors for asthma,because the constant genetic factors and air pollution increased,the environmental risk factors become more and more important.OBJECTIVE:Investigate relevant factors associated with the incidence of asthma in children aged 0-14 in this region,and explore risk factors for asthma characteristics.Analysis of air pollutants,allergens and other environmental factors and the relationship between the number of childhood asthma hospitalizations.Provide evidence for the prevention and control of asthma to reduce the incidence of asthma in children and improve the quality of life for children with asthma.METHODS:Research is divided into three parts:（1）375cases asthma patients were admitted from pediatrics department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital during January 1,2013 to December 31,2014,375 cases children as control group were from pediatrics department of our hospital.Through questionnaires studies,look for relevant factors for asthma.（2）To explore the clinical significance of allergen and skin prick test in children with asthma,through the analysis of allergy testing results from 375 cases asthma patients.（3）Collecting inhalant allergen information and hospital information from asthma patients of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital during January 1,2014 to December 31,2015,and the concentration of air pollutants in the same period to learn earn the annual variation and seasonal distribution of air pollutants,allergens,number of hospitalizations of children with asthma.Using pearson correlation analysis to analysis the correlation between air pollution,allergens,and the number of asthma hospitalizations,to investigate the effects of atmospheric pollutants on allergen and the incidence of asthma in children.RESULTS:（1）The study group included 228 boys cases and 147 girls cases with sex ratio of 1.55:1;Asthma commonly occurred in the 3-10 year-old children accounting for 69.6%,and asthma usually occurred in autumn and winter with respective rate of 67.0%;The MP infection rate and EOS count in children with asthma are higher than control groups;There are seven relevant factors:atopy,MP infection,respiratory virus infection,family history of asthma,family history of allergies,SPT and eosinophils,two protective factors included breastfeeding and spontaneous delivery.（2）The inhalant allergens of childhood asthma are mainly house mite,dust mite,cat hair,dog hair,ragweed,mold,and the main food allergens are shrimp,crab,milk,egg.Allergen positive rate increases with age,in which men higher than women.The rate of allergens is different in different seasons.（3）In2014-2015,the main pollutants in the air isPM_2.5,SO₂ and NO₂ in Shanghai,which showed a significant upward trend.A strong positive correlation between the three kinds of pollutants and allergens（P<0.01）,which association between allergen and PM_2.5 strong correlation coefficient r=0.771.The number of asthma hospitalizations and PM_2.5,SO₂,NO₂,allergen is positively correlated（P<0.01）.CONCLUSIONS:Atopy,genetic factors and environmental factors are closely related to the development of asthma in children.Among the environmental factors,air pollutants and allergens are the important factors that affect the number of children asthma hospitalizations.Risk individuals should avoid contacting with risk factors for asthma and do personalized prevention and treatment to reduce the incidence of asthma.