Current Research On Pain In Parkinson's Disease

Pain,which is a disabling non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease(PD),has a severe negative impact on the patients' quality of life.PD pain can occur in all stages of the disease with an average prevalence of67.6%.According to widely accepted Ford classification,PD pain includes musculoskeletal pain,dystonic pain,radicular-neuropathic pain and central pain.While the mechanism of PD pain is still unclear,disorders in the central nervous system such as basal ganglia dysfunction,neurotransmitter dysfunction and neuroimmune inflammation,as well as in peripheral nervous system,are important in the occurrence and development of pain.As multi-dimensional assessment of pain is necessary,the King's Parkinson Pain Scale is highly commended by the The Movement Disorder Society to assess the intensity of pain for PD.Furthermore,the treatment includes drug therapy,surgery,adjuvant therapy and treatment for complications.This article will review the current literatures in different clinical types,pathogenesis,evaluation and therapy of pain in Parkinson's disease.