| Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an irreversible functioning damage for islet βcells caused by autoimmunity.Therefore,oral hypoglycemic drugs cannot be used to improve the condition.Its treatments relies mainly on exogenous insulin supplementation or islet transplantation.In the treatment of T1DM,islet transplantation can increase the number of normal islet cells in T1DM patients,and reduce the dependence on exogenous insulin,also can reduce blood sugar levels and prevent long-term complications effectively.Therefore,for the long-term effect,it’s better than supplement exogenous insulin.Due to the shortage of donor organs and the limited number of organ donors,the islet allotransplantation can’t be used in clinical widely.so,there is an urgent need for other alternatives treatmentmethod,called xenogenic islet transplantation.Currently,genetically modified pig organs have been proved to be a reliable source of xenotransplantation.Therefore,pigs’islets are also used in islet xenotransplantation.In recent years,scientists have made great progress in many researches in this field,such as established pigs as a mainly selection for xenotransgraft.And humanized porcine islets by multi-gene editing,and decreased its immunogenicity.In the preparation of islets,the islet yield is greatly improved by applying various new digestive enzymes and separation solutions as well as new separation methods.In the aspect of xenotransplantation immunity,the immunological encapsulation by using various polymer materials for islet cells and the induction of immune tolerance have reduced immune rejection to a certain extent.In addition,scientists have discovered new heterologous antigen gene targets,then knocking out the new gene targets inhibits the occurrence of immune rejection.These new technological achievements are promoting the development of islet xenotransplantation.To this paper reviews the recent progress in heterologous islet transplantation for receptor selection,islet preparation,and islet transplantation immunity.In order to enable researchers to more intuitively understand the recent advances in xenotransplantation,This paper provides a systematic review of the recent advances in islet xenotransplantation for the aspcets of receptor selection,islet preparation,and the methods for resisting islet xenotransplantation immune rejection... |
