| Objective:To know about status of dietary behaviors of left-behind children of poor rural areas in China;To compare status of dietary behaviors between left-behind children and non-left-behind children of poor rural areas in China;To explore and discuss relating factors of dietary behaviors of left-behind children of poor rural area in China;To offer basic nutrion and health information for policies makers.Methods:Based on multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method,two primary and two junior schools were selected based on three food supply modes('school feeding','food package',and'family feeding')in each county from fifty key monitoring counties of Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students(NIPRCES)concerning 22 provinces in 2016.About 40 students in a class were randomly extracted from grade 3 to grade 9 including half boys and half girls.They were surveyed about their status of dietary behaviors.Results:There were 32181 students surveyed totally,including central areas:9228(28.7%),and western areas:22953(71.3%);left-behind children:16285(50.6%),including left-behind children of one parent working out:10226(62.8%);left-behind children of both parents working out:6059(37.2%),non-left-behind children:15896(49.4%);boys:16437(51.7%),girls:15744(48.9%);primary school from grade 4 to 6:28061(87.2%),middle school from grade 7 to 9:4120(12.8%);boarding students:14505(45.1%),day students:17646(54.9%)1.BreakfastThe proportion of having breakfast of left-behind children every day accounted for 62.8%,never having breakfast lowest,accounting for 4.9%.The frequency of having breakfast every day of left-behind children was lower than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).The top-three breakfast food of left-behind children were grains(78.6%),eggs(34.8%)and milk(30.1%).The proportions of left-behind children having grains,beans,meat,eggs and fruit were lower than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).The proportion of having breakfast of left-behind children whose father worked out,for boys,from grade 7 to 9,in the western areas and those who had snacks more than once a day was lower(P<0.05)2.Meat and eggs,milk and beans,fruit and vegetables of every week intakes2.1.Meat and eggs of every week intakesThe proportion of having meat once to three times every week was highest(42.5%)and less than once every week was lowest(14.4%).The frequency of having meat less than once a week of left-behind children was lower than non-left-behind children Left-behind children whose father worked out,grade 7 to 9 in the central areas had lower proportion of having meat every day,and boarding students of left-behind children had higher proportion of having meat every day(P<0.05)The proportion of having one to three eggs every week was highest(48.9%),and having eggs more than one every day was lowest(11.2%).The frequency of having eggs less than one every week of left-behind children was higher than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).Western areas,grade 7 to 9,family membes below 4 of left-behind children had lower proportion of having eggs every day(P<0.05).2.2.Milk and beans of every week intakesThe proportion of having one to three bags of milk every week was highest(47.3%),and having more than one bag of milk every day lowest(9.3%).The frquency of having milk of more than one bag every day of left-behind children was lower than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).Left-behind children whose both parents worked out,grade 7 to 9,in the western areas,family members below 4 had lower proportion of having milk every day(P<0.05).The proportion of having beans four to six times every week of left-behind children was highest(89.5%),and less than once a week lowest(0.7%).The frequency of having beans of less than four times every week of left-behind children was lower than non-left-behind children(P<0.05);The proportion of having beans every day of left-behind children from grade 4 to 6 for girls was lower,and boarding students had higher proportion of having beans every day(P<0.05).2.3.Fruit and vegetables of every week intakesThe proportion of seldom having vegetables was highest(49.1%)and having 3 types of vegetable every day was lowest(0.8%).The frequency of having no vegetables every day of left-behind children was higher than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).The proportion of having vegetables more than three types of left-behind children whose mother worked out,both parents woked out,from grade 4 to 6 in the central areas was higher,and boarding students of left-behind children had higher proportion of having 3 types of vegetables(P<0,05).The proportion of having fruit once to three times every week was highest(45.5%)and more than twice every day was lowest(7.3%).The fr-equency of having fruit more than onece every day of left-behind children was lower than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).Left-behind children from grade 7 to 9,boarding at school had lower proportion of having fruit every day(P<0.05).3.SnacksThe proportion of having snacks less than three times every week of lef't-behind children was highest(39.9%),and having snacks more than three times every day was lowest(5.9%).The frequency of having snacks more than once every day of'left-behind children was lower than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).The proportion of having snacks more than once every day for those with more than 4 family members,mother working out,both parents working out,girls,grade 4 to 6,having more than 2 RMB was higher,and that who had breakfast every day was lower(P<0.05).Among all the snacks,vegetables and fruits accounting for 45.4%,biscuits and bread accounting for 43.7%,bean products and cold drinks accounting for 10.5%and 2.4%respectively.The proportion of having spicy dry tofu pastry of left-behind children was higher than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).However,the proportions of having fruit and vegetables,nuts,biscuits,soy and fruit products of left-behind children were lower than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).The cost of snacks about 1 RMB every day was highest(36.0%),and less than 0.5 RMB every day lowest(12.5%).The cost of snacks more than 3 RMB of left-behind children was lower than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).4.DrinksThe proportion of having drinks of left-behind children of less than three times every week was highest(61.2%)and more than three times every day was lowest(2.0%).The frequency of having drinks more than once every day of left-behind children was higher than left-behind children(P<0.05).Left-behind children whose mother or both their parents worked out,grade 4 to 6,central areas,having 2 RMB to buy snacks had higher proportion of having drinks(P<0.05).The proportion of having drinks about one cup was highest(35.2%)and three cups lowest(4.9%).The proportion of having drinks amouts each time for half cups of left-behind children was higher than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).The top three drinks were soda(44.2%),fruit and yoghurt(39.8%),jasmine tea(35.3%),juice(29.5%)and vegetable protein beverages(22.8%).5.Water drinkingThe proportion of drinking water more than 800mL of left-behind children from 6 to 10 years old was 13.4%,and from 11 to 17 years old was 39.1%.The amount of water drinking between 6 to 10 years old and 11 to 17 years old of left-behind children and non-left-behind children had no difference(P>0.05).6.LeftoverThe proportion of seldom leftover of left-behind children was highest(42.0%),and lowest of leftover of one to four days every week(16.8%).The main leftover was staple food(30.2%),least meat(15.3%).Staple food of leftover of left-behind children was 30.2%,which was higher than non-left-behind children(28.9%)(P<0.05).The amount of leftover in least was highest(73.1%)and that of more lowest(2.3%).The frequncy of half the amount of leftover of left-behind children was higher than non-left-behind children(P<0.05).The frequncy of leftover of left-behind children was higher than left-behind children(P<0.05).Conclusions:The main issues of left-behind children:there were more than 1/3 respondents skipping breakfast and simplicity of their breakfast food items;meat and eggs,milk and beans,fruit and vegetables intakes were rather low.The dietary of non-left-behind children was much better than left-behind children,yet still some serious problems mainly including more frequencies of snacks and drinks,deficiency in day water drinking and leftover problems.The influence of mother and both parents working out was remarkable.The proportions of boarding students of'left-behind children intakes of meat,fresh vegetables and beans every week were higher but deficiency in fruit intakes. |
PDF Full Text Request