Construction And Effect Verification Of The Developmental Bibliotherapy Material Database For The Elderly In Long-term Care Facilities

BackgroundThe elderly people in long-term care facilities(LTCFs)are prone to loneliness,anxiety and sadness because of the decline of self-care ability,separation from their children and the death of relatives and friends.Developmental bibliotherapy is to provide the elderly with appropriate reading materials to help them deal with emotional problems in life,alleviate their negative emotions and improve their subjective well-being.Reading materials are the key to developmental bibliotherapy.However,there are few reading materials for the elderly in LTCFs at present.This study attempts to construct developmental bibliotherapy material database(DBMD)for the elderly in LTCFs to provide rich and targeted materials for them.ObjectiveConstructing DBMD for the elderly in LTCFs,in order to provide rich and targeted reading resources for them,so as to provide basis for future empirical research,and promote the physical and mental health of the elderly in LTCFs.Methods1.Psychological problems and reading status of the elderly in LTCFs This study adapted in-depth interviews and questionnaires to understand the psychological problems of the elderly in LTCFs,explore the reading status of them,and analyze the reasons.2.Constructing DBMD ?Collecting materials:Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to explore the reading preferences and needs of the elderly in LTCFs,and literature research was used to collect effective reading materials.Finally,the representative materials of DBMD were selected according to the reading characteristics of the elderly and the principle of materials selection;?Constructing DBMD:The reading materials were classified by themes to make catalogue.Indicating materials attributed one by one,including number,name,author,source,creation time and recommendation reasons.Finally,DBMD for the elderly in LTCFs was formed.3.Verificating the effects of materials Totally,65 old people in LTCFs were selected by convenience sampling,and 40 materials in DBMD were randomly selected for 6 weeks of developmental bibliotherapy.The effects of the materials were evaluated by the Chinese version of Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS)and Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness(MUNSH).Results1.Psychological problems and reading status of the elderly in LTCFs The interview results showed that the negative emotions of the elderly in LTCFs included loneliness,chronic anxiety and emotional depression.According to the survey,there were 167(71.98%)people liked reading;186(80.17%)people had reading habits;146(62.93%)people kept reading twice or more in one day;107(32.43%)people thought reading resources were unfavorable factors,and 136(58.62%)people thought it's necessary to set up reading rooms in LTCFs.2.Constructing DBMD ?Questionnaire investigation:There were 159(28.39%)people liked current affairs politics,140(25.00%)people selected health care,102(18.21%)people preferred historical biography,76(13.56%)people enjoyed social humanities.109(36.95%)people liked pure text reading materials,106(35.93%)people liked audio-visual reading materials;?In-depth interview:Older people's favorite reading content included mental health,current affairs,politics and health care.The presentation of reading materials included paper and audio-visual;?Literature research:The reading materials that the elderly liked include medical care,current affairs and politics,historical biography,social humanities and mental health.DBMD included five themes:medical care,current affairs and politics,historical bibliography,newspaper and audio-visual(TV programs and movies).A total of 336 materials were collected,included 115 bibliographic books,86 newspapers and 135 audio-visual programs(53 TV programs and 82 movies).3.Analysis of materials effects The positive emotional scores of the elderly before and after reading were compared,and the difference was statistically significant,t=8.309,P<0.001;Negative emotional scores before and after reading,the difference was statistically significant,t=6.271,P<0.001;The scores of happine-ss of the elderly before and after reading were compared,and the difference was statistically significant,t=4.569,P<0.05.ConclusionsThis study constructed DBMD for the elderly in LTCFs.The negative emotions of the elderly in LTCFs can be effectively alleviated,their positive emotions and subjective well-being can be improved by using materials in DBMD.