Survey Research On Dietary Intake Of Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment In Zhangjiawan Community Of Wuhan

Objective: We investigate the elderly aged 65 and over in Zhangjiawan community in Wuhan to found out the prevalence,nutritional status and dietary intake of mild cognitive impairment(MCI)among the elderly in this community.We studied the effects of different foods,nutrients,nutritional status,and dietary-related factors on cognitive function.At the same time,we summarize the dietary patterns of MCI elderly people and their influencing factors,and analyze the relationship between different dietary patterns and cognitive function of the elderly.To provide theoretical support for the formulation of dietary intervention programs for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment in the community and promote their dietary improvement behavior.At the same time,it also provides reference for the study of the relationship between diet,nutrition and MCI disease of community residents.Method: From May 2018 to July 2018,we conducted general information,cognitive function assessment,nutritional risk,and diet for the elderly people aged 65 years and older in the entire Zhangjiawan community in Wuhan,and selected the elderly with complete survey data for relevant analysis.We used Mplus7.4software to model the relationship between dietary intake and cognitive function,and used the principal component factor analysis method in SPSS 22.0 software to extract dietary patterns and compare the basics between the quartile arrays of each diet,and analysis the differences in nutrient intake.Finally,we used multivariate logistic regression to analyze the factors affecting the risk of MCI elderly people.Results: 1.The results of the structural equation model show that healthy food combinations including seven foods such as coarse grains,potatoes,milk,seafood,nuts,mushrooms and fruits may be associated with lower prevalence of cognitive impairment.In addition,age,gender,education level and physical exercise were related to cognitive function(P<0.05),while BMI was not related to cognitive function status(P>0.05).2.Three dietary patterns were extracted from 514 subjects by principal component factor analysis and named as: healthy diet(characterized by fruit,nuts,milk,mushrooms,coarse grains,legumes,potatoes intake),westernized diet(characterized by deep-fried food,red meat,liquor,beer,stuffed food,river food intake),traditional diet(characterized by rice,potatoes,flour,vegetables,seafood,eggs).In the quartile group of healthy diet pattern,there were significant differences in gender,education level and physical exercise(P < 0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of gender,marital status,and educational level among the quartiles of westernized diet(P<0.05).There was a significant difference in the distribution of residency status in the quartile of traditional dietary patterns(P < 0.05).With the increase of the score of healthy dietary pattern factors,energy,protein,fat,dietary fiber,cholesterol,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,vitamin C,vitamin E,calcium,iron and zinc also increased significantly.However,the energy supply ratio of carbohydrates decreased significantly(P < 0.001).All items in the westernized diet pattern are gradually increasing.With the increase of traditional dietary pattern factor scores,energy,carbohydrate energy supply ratio,dietary fiber,cholesterol,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin C,calcium,iron,zinc also increased,while protein energy supply ratio,fat supply ratio decreased,the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05).After controlling for confounding factors,the third(AOR 0.527,95% CI 0.296-0.938)and fourth(AOR 0.539,95% CI 0.294-0.989)groups were compared with the first aliquot of the healthy eating pattern factor score.The risk of MCI elderly people is small and has a linear trend(P<0.05).3.There are significant differences in education level,MNA score,T value and Z value of bone mineral density among the elderly with different cognitive functions.The cognitive function of the elderly with higher education level is better.The overall nutritional status of the elderly in MCI group is worse than that of the normal cognitive function group,and the cognitive function test score of the elderly with better nutritional status is higher.After controlling the related factors,the nutritional grade score and education level were still strongly correlated with the risk of MCI,and the risk of MCI was 2.491 times as high as that of the original for every grade of malnutrition.Conclusion: 1.When recommending healthy diet programs featuring coarse grains,potatoes,milk,seafood,nuts,mushrooms and fruits to the elderly in community,attention should also focus on these elderlies who are female,have low educational level and are less active.2.The risk of MCI elderly people who tend to have a healthy diet is reduced.Besides recommendation,dietary guidance should be given according to the characteristics of the adherents of different dietary patterns.For the male who have a healthy diet pattern and the elderly who have a lower education level,health knowledge about diseases should be strengthened,and exercise should be encouraged.We advise controlling the fat intake of people who adopt Westernized diet patterns.It is suggested that the traditional diet model should take protein-rich foods to form a relatively balanced diet.3.Nutritional risk is a risk factor affecting the prevalence of MCI elderly people.Dynamic nutrition testing should be carried out on the elderly as soon as possible,and timely intervention should be carried out to achieve the purpose of improving their nutritional status and reducing the risk of MCI.