| Background:The total population of China over 60 years old is about 2.22 million,accounting for about 16%of the country's total population.China has become one of the countries with the most elderly population in the world.How to deal with a series of raising problems brought by the aging of the population has also become the focus of attention from all walks of life.Compared with rural areas,cities and towns have richer social resources.By querying China's fifth census report,it is found that the proportion of non-agricultural registered permanent residence accounts for about 24.73%,while the sixth census report shows that the proportion of agricultural-households in the total number of people has risen to 63.9%,indicating that more and more people are flocking to cities from rural areas.However,the rapid development of the economy has also brought problems such as the care of old-aged people and health.Therefore,how to improve the health of the elderly and realize the strategic goal of healthy aging has become an urgent problem to be solved.The realization of this goal requires the joint efforts of the government as well as society and families to understand the factors affecting the health of the elderly.To identify the problems and give rise to the same.In recent years,the perspective of social capital has provided a new direction for solving this problem.Objective,(1)Describe the basic demographic information of the elderly in the town and the self-assessment of health status.(2)Describe the basic situation of the social capital of the elderly in the town.(3)Through data analysis,explore the relationship between sociodemographic information and self-evaluation health of middle-aged and elderly people in urban areas.(4)Exploring the impact of social capital on the self-evaluation'health of urban middle-aged and elderly people.(5)After discussing the sociodemographic information,health service utilization indicators and healthy lifestyle indicators of urban middle-aged and elderly people.The impact of social capital on urban self-evaluation health in urban and rural areas.(6)Discuss the impact of social capital on the self-evaluation health of urban middle-aged and elderly people by gender and age group.MethodThis study used the CFPS2016 database to extract 4899 eligible middle-aged and elderly people and selected social demographic indicators as well as social capital indicators and self-rated health indicators and health service demand and utilization indicators and healthy lifestyle indicators.The software,through Wilcoxon rank sum test,Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test,ordered multi-class logistic regression,disordered multi-class logistic regression analysis data to explore the impact of individual social capital on self-rated health in urban middle-aged and elderly people.Results:(1)Basic social demographic information of middle-aged and elderly people in urban areasAmong the 4899 middle-aged and elderly people participating in the survey,the average was 57.6 years,and the male to female ratio was about 1.09:1.In the case of marriage,the largest number of married people accounting for 90.7%.The average educational level of the surveyed population was junior high school.The highest degree was master's degree and the general population of the respondents was low.Nearly half of the respondents(48.7%)think their income status is low,and only a very small percentage(9.5)think their income level is high.90%of urban middle-aged and elderly people have medical insurance,and the prevalence rate of chronic diseases within half a year is 24.8%.Generally,they choose to go to general hospitals with many people,accounting for 56.2%.The urban elderly is more satisfied with the medical conditions of the medical treatment.But it is generally believed that the medical level of the point of treatment is average.Among the urban middle-aged and elderly people,non-smokers accounted for the majority,accounting for 71.5%,and those with good drinking habits also accounted for the majority,accounting for 82.9%.Middle-aged and older people are less likely to participate in exercise.More than 40%of the people exercise less than once a week,and 44%exercise more than 5 times a week.(2)Self-evaluation of health status in urban middle-agedAmong the urban middle-aged and elderly people,2908 people think that they are healthy,accounting for 54.9%.1185 people think that their physical condition is average,accounting for 24.2%.806 people who think they are unhealthy,accounting for 16.5%.(3)Social capital status of the elderly in urban areasAmong the 4899 middle-aged and elderly people surveyed,56.7%have a sense of trust.Most people fell that their social status is average,accounting for 46.3%,and 20.6%think their social status is low.The proportion of people with good neighbors is 61.5%.Less than 1%think that the neighborhood relationship is poor.People who think they have feelings for the community account for 66.6%.Only 3%think they have no feelings for the community.Those who think they will help when they need help are 89.5%,those who re party members,members,guide members,members of religious belief groups or members of individual labor associations account for 42.7%.53.4%of respondents only have one child,44.4%have more than one child.85.7%have more than five nights a week to eat with their families.More than half of the people think that the public facilities are the surrounding environment is ordinary.(4)The influence of basic social demographic information of urban middle-aged and elderly people on self-rated healthThe study found that those who are 40-59 years old,have higher incomes,higher education and often doing exercise,do not have chronic disease.The people who choose to go to the community health service station to have a higher self-reported health level.(5)The influence of individual social capital on self-rated health in urban middle-aged and elderly peopleResearch and analysis found that the social capital indicators of urban middle-aged and elderly people,trust perception status,social status,help to perceive the situation.The number of meals per week and family members is a self-evaluation health protection factor and has a sense of trust and a higher social status.People who have dinner three or four times a week with their families have better self-evaluation.The neighborhood relationship,the feelings of the community,the public facilities of the community and the surrounding environment are risk factors for self-assessment.And think that the neighborhood relationship is poor.The feelings of the community are poor,and the public facilities of the community and the poor surrounding environment are more self-evaluated.Based on whether the single child is the only child as the dividing condition,the research shows that the social capital variable that has an impact on the only child is the affection for the community,whether it is an organization member,the surrounding environment of the community,and the number of meals with family members every week.The social capital variables that have an impact on the non-only-child are social status,help perception status,neighborhood relationship in the community,whether they are members of the organization,public facilities in the community,and the number of meals with family members in the evening every week.Conclusion:(1)The 4,899 urban middle-aged and elderly people who participated in the survey generally have low self-assessed income and educational background.(2)The self-rated health status of the middle-aged and elderly in urban areas was better than that of other domestic studies on the health status of the middle-aged and elderly in rural areas,and the self-rated health status of men was better than that of women.And the index of social demography,self-evalxuation of gender,age,income and education,healthy lifestyle indicators of exercise number of times a week,health services utilization index of the location of the chronic diseases prevalence and choose to see the doctor when sick,and self-reported health statistically significant for men and sex,income is higher,the degree is higher,the frequency of physical exercise for to four times a week,no chronic diseases,sick when choosing to higher level of self-reported health community health service stations.(3)The middle and old people in cities have better social capital,but generally feel that their social status is low.The indicators of social capital included trust,high social status,good neighborhood relations in the community,help when needed,deep feelings for the community,better public facilities and surrounding environment in the community,and higher self-rated health level of middle-aged and elderly people in the town who had dinner with their families three or four nights a week.(4)With the increase of age,social capital has less and less influence on self-rated health.For the elderly over 75 years old,various indicators of social capital have no influence on self-rated health. |
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