| Objective:Allergic rhinitis(AR)is defined as inflammation of the nasal mucosa,with approximately 10% to 20% of the global population suffering from AR.AR can cause serious personal,social and financial burdens.As a type I hypersensitivity mediated by Immunoglobulin E(Ig E),symptoms of AR are triggered by allergens.Therefore,minimizing allergen exposure is an important part of AR prevention.This study conducted a statistical analysis of the results of aeroallergens in patients with AR in Changchun,and conducted a phased comparative study to understand the distribution characteristics of aeroallergens in Changchun,and further guide the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of AR.Methods:Allergen serum specific Ig E(s Ig E)test was performed in patients who visited our clinic from 2011 to 2012 and 2017 to 2018 with sneezing,rhinorrhea,nasal itching and nasal congestion,after exclusion of nasal polyps,nasal masses,severe nasal septum deviation and infection.Allergen detection was performed with the Allergy Screen system,which included house dust mites,house dust,mulberry,cat dander,dog dander,cockroach,Amaranthus,mold mixture(penicillium/ piptocephalis/ aspergillus fumigatus/ aspergillus niger/ streptomyces),herb pollen mixture(short ragweed/ artemisia/ humulus/ chenopodium)and tree pollen mixture(cypress/elm,willow,oak,birch,maple,walnut,sycamore).Results:1.Among the 2523 cases,the allergen was positive in 1264 cases(50.10%).Among the 10 common aeroallergens,the first was herb pollen mixture,followed by house dust mites,mold mixture,tree pollen mixture,cat dander,house dust,mulberry,dog dander,Amaranthus and cockroach.Single allergen positive accounted for 52.30% of allergen positive,two allergens accounted for 24.68%,and three or more allergens accounted for 23.02%.2.The positive rates of s Ig E in males and females were 51.93% and 48.00%,respectively,and there was no statistical difference between them(?2=3.876,P=0.049).The male positive rate of tree pollen mixture was significantly higher than that of female(?2=11.271,P=0.001).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of s Ig E in other allergens(P>0.01).3.There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of allergen s Ig E among the ≤18-year age group,the 19-39-year age group,the 40-59-year age group and the ≥60-year age group(?2=165.077,P<0.001).The s Ig E positive rate was the highest in the ≤18-year age group(72.08%).The positive rate of the top 5 allergens,namely herb pollen mixture,house dust mites,mold mixture,tree pollen mixture,cat dander,all showed significant age distribution differences(P < 0.001),and all the five allergens had the highest positive rate of s Ig E in ≤18-year age group.4.The monthly distribution of the positive rate of aeroallergen s Ig E showed a statistically significant difference(?2=143.922,P<0.001),with the highest positive rate(68.17%)in August and the lowest positive rate(30.56%)in December.The monthly distribution analysis was performed on allergens with positive rate accounting for the top 3.The positive rates of s Ig E in herb pollen mixture and house dust mites were found to show significant differences in monthly distribution(?2=367.123,P<0.001;?2=46.651,P<0.001).Herb pollen mixture had the highest positive rate of s Ig E in August,and house dust mites had the highest positive rate of s Ig E in October.There was no significant difference in the monthly distribution of s Ig E positive rate of mold mixture(?2=23.671,P=0.014).5.The positive rate of aeroallergen s Ig E(52.58%)in 2011-2012 was not significantly different from that in 2017-2018(49.04%)(?2=2.654,P=0.103).The positive rate of s Ig E in herb pollen mixture,house dust mites and cockroach was significantly higher in 2011-2012 than that in 2017-2018,and the difference was statistically significant(?2=16.171,P<0.001;?2=7.377,P=0.007;?2= 37.077,P < 0.001).The positive rate of s Ig E in mold mixture and dog dander was higher in 2011-2012 than that in 2017-2018,but the difference was not statistically significant(?2=3.312,P=0.069;?2=0.775,P=0.379).The positive rate of s Ig E in tree pollen mixture,cat dander,house dust mulberry and Amaranthus was higher in 2017-2018 than that in 2011-2012,but there was no statistically significant difference(?2=6.275,P=0.012;?2=2.467,P=0.116;?2=1.855,P=0.173;?2=3.253,P=0.071).Conclusions:1.Among the 10 common aeroallergens in Changchun,the first one was herb pollen mixture,followed by house dust mites,mold mixture,tree pollen mixture,cat dander,house dust,mulberry,dog dander,Amaranthus and cockroach.2.There was no significant difference in the overall gender distribution of aeroallergens.The tree pollen mixture positive rate was significantly higher in males than in females,and there was no significant difference in the gender distribution of other allergens.3.The overall age distribution of aeroallergens was significantly different.The age distribution of the aeroallergens in the top 5 positive rates was significantly different,and the positive rate was the highest in ≤18-year age group.4.The overall monthly distribution of aeroallergens was significantly different,with the highest positive rate in August and the lowest positive rate in December.Among the top 3 aeroallergens in the positive rate,the monthly distribution of herb pollen mixture and house dust mites had significant differences,and the highest positive rates were in August and October respectively.There was no significant difference in the monthly distribution of mold mixture.5.In the past 8 years,there was no significant difference in the overall positive rate of aeroallergens in patients with AR in Changchun,but the aeroallergens sensitization spectrum changed.The positive rate of herb pollen mixture,house dust mites and cockroach decreased.There was no significant change in the remaining aeroallergens. |
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