| Oral malignant tumors are the most common type of cancer in the head and neck.Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)accounts for the highest proportion,more than 90%.In the past decades,the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)has been extremely high,ranking sixth among all malignant tumors.The mortality rate of patients is significant,and it is one of the main causes of cancer death worldwide.Despite rapid medical advances in diagnosis,surgical and adjuvant treatment did not significantly improve the survival rate of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.The reason for this low survival rate has been actively explored by many scholars.On the one hand,the early symptoms of oral squamous cell carcinoma are not obvious and easy to be ignored,therefore,early diagnosis and treatment are not possible.On the other hand,many aspects of the molecular mechanism of oral squamous cell carcinoma are still unclear,and there is no specific criteria for judging the development of tumors and the-prognosis of patients.Aspirations[3-4].Therefore,it is necessary to improve the understanding of the molecular mechanism of biological progress of oral squamous cell carcinoma and identify molecular diagnostic markers in order to establish effective treatment methods.Transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-beta 1)is the basic regulatory molecule of tumor microenvironment.TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in human diseases through the TGF-beta 1/Smad signaling pathway,it also plays an important role in regulating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.TGFbeta/SMAD pathway not only plays an important role in the development of malignant tumors,but also participates in epithelial mesenchymal transformation(EMT).Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a necessary process to promote cancer metastasis[5-6].A large number of studies at home and abroad have proved that TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many malignant tumors,but at present there is no report on Smad7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their correlation in oral squamous cell carcinoma.In this study,Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TGF-beta and Smad-7 in normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma,and to discuss the role of TGF-beta and Smad-7 in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.Objective:To detect the expression of TGF-beta 1 and Smad7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa,to explore the relationship between the expression of TGF-beta-1 and Smad7 and the pathological grade and lymph node metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma,and to analyze its clinical significance.Method:The expressions of TGF-beta 1 and Smad7 in 31 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and 10 cases of normal oral mucosa were detected by SP immunohisto chemical staining.SPPSS software was used to test the experimental data by chi-square test and SPARMAN rank analysis.The results obtained were within the range of P<0.05.It was considered that the experimental results had statistical significance.Therefore,it could be considered that the experimental results had practical application value.Result:1.The expression of TGF-beta 1 was high in oral squamous cell carcinoma,but low in normal oral mucosa.The expression rates of TGF-beta 1 in two different oral mucosa tissues were 71%(21/3 1)and 20%(2/10)respectively,which met the statistical range(p<0.05).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant.2.Smad7 factor was highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma,while it was low in normal oral mucosa.The expression rates of Smad7 factor in two different oral mucosa tissues were 64.5%(20/31)and 20%(2/10)respectively;,which met the statistical range(p<0.05).The difference between the two groups was statistically significant.3.The positive rate of lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that of non-lymph node-metastasis group(93%and 50%,respectively),and there was a significant difference between them(P<0.05);the positive rate of TNM stage I+II was much lower than that of stage ?+?(37%and 82.6%,respectively),and there was a significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05).The positive rate was not correlated with the age,sex and differentiation of the patients.4.There was a positive correlation between the expression of TGF-beta 1 and Smad7 in oral squamous cell carcinoma(r= 0.379,P<0.05).Conclusion:1.There are significant differences in the expression of TGF-beta 1 in normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma.The results show that TGF-beta 1 plays a key role in the occurrence and carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.2.There are significant differences in the expression of Smad7 in normal oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma.The results show that Smad7 plays a key role in promoting the occurrence and carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma.3.TGF-beta 1 factor and Smad 7 protein play a synergistic role in the carcinogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. |
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