| Bangjian,flowers from Gentiana(Tourn.)L,were representative and frequentlyused Tibetan medicine,Gentiana szechenyii is one of its mainstream varieties.There were still problems,such as the complexity of the origin,indistinguishable varieties,shortage of resources,and imperfect quality standards,although the medicinal value.In order to solve the above problems,the different Bang Jian including their original plants and the main application varieties were studied and authenticated by textual research,wild specimen collection,investigation and collection of samples from Tibetan hospitals,Tibetan pharmaceutical factories and medical material markets in this paper.Through the investigation routes of staple medicinal plant of bangjian in the meadow of the west sichuan plateau,the study of community ecology of bangjian were carried out.The MaxEnt ecological niche model combining with Arc GIS were used to modeling and analyze the characteristics of the growth suitability based on ecological factors of G.szechenyii,G.purdomii(G.algida),G.sino-ornata and G.veitchiorum.HPLC was applied to analyze the chemical constituents of the dominant species.The chemical constituents in n-butanol fraction of the ethanol extracts from Gentianae szechenyii spray were isolated and purified by repeated PHPLC.The structures of the isolated compounds were identified on the basis of extensive spectroscopic techniques.identification by various spectroscopic techniques.TLC identification and content determination relyinging on HPLC were performed for the large flower gentizechenlioside A in Gentiana szechenyii.The experimental results were as follows:(1)According to the modern literatures,bangjian-including blue,black and variegated flowers were originated from 14 species and 3 varietas.The results of market research showed that bangjian,including blue,black and variegated flowers mainly come from Ser.Ornatae of Sect.Monopodiae,such as G.veitchiorum for the most,G.sino-ornata as well as G.lawrencei var.farreri.(2)A total of 23 samples of 6 location were set up in kangding city,yajiang county,batang county,and daocheng county in sichuan province,where G.szechenyii,G.algida and G.veitchiorum were found.The soil sample was acidic clay loam,or sandy loam,with high soil fertility.The most suitable distribution areas for G.szechenyii and G.purdomii(G.algida)are similar,but the latter is distributed in patches and has another most suitable distribution area in Xinjiang.The most suitable distribution area of G.sino-omata was similar to that of G.veitchiorum,but the latter area was larger than the former and the ecological niche is higher.The distribution of them was mainly affected by altitude,precipitation,the lowest temperature of the coldest month and vegetation type.(3)The method of fingerprint analysis of the main varieties of bangjian was established,and the methodological verification showed that the method was of high precision,high accuracy and good stability.55 patchs of bangjian including G.szecheyii,G.algida,G.purdomii,G.veitchiorum,G.sino-ornate as well as G.lawrencei var.farreri were analysed with similarity evaluation,system cluster analysis and principal component analysis.The results indicate that all G.szecheyii separated perfectly from other varieties.The distance among G.algida,G.purdomii and other was short.Most of the different varieties of bangjian with blue flowers were also relatively close.The main varieties of bangjian were divided into 2types: Type I was represented by G.szechenyii,which had little components such as swertiamarin,gentiopicroside,and sweroside while contained gentiournosides D,depressine,gentizechenlioside A and szechenyin A.Type II are mainly from G.algida,G.purdomii and others containing no iridoid moiety of the benzoyl moiety,but components such as swertiamarin,gentiopicrin,and sweroside were present,and the content of these components in type II is generally higher,and its surrounding chemical composition was more.Flavonoids such as isoorientin,isoscoparin-2″-β-D-glucopyranoside and isoscoparin were found in both chemical types,and their contents were generally higher in type II.(4)Six compounds were obtained in n-butanol fraction of the ethanol extracts from Gentianae szechenyii spray and identified as isoscoparin-2″-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),isoscoparin(2),gentiournosides D(3),depressine(4),gentizechenlioside A(5)and szechenyin A(6).Compound 5 was a new iridoid glycoside and named as gentizechenlioside A.(5)The TLC identification method for the gentizechenlioside A in G.szecheyii was established for the first time.The TLC identification results of 17 G.szecheyii indicated that this method had a good specificity for the gentizechenlioside A.(6)The HPLC method was established for the content determination of szechenyin A in medicinal materials of G.szechenyii first time,which was simple,accurate,precise and reproducible.Then 17 batches of medicinal materials of G.szechenyii coming from different regions and different storage time were studied with both flowers and sprays.The results showed that the content of szechenyin A was closely related to the harvest time and decreased with the increasing of storage time.Based on the previous study,the draft of standard for quality of G.szechenyii was protocoled. |
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