Effects Of Sevoflurane And Dexmedetomidine On Sleep Structure

Since anesthetics used in surgery was invented a hundred years,anesthesiology has slowly became a subject.In the new century,it slowly began to transform into perioperative medicine.The development of anesthesia cannot be separated from the development of anesthetic drugs.From the early volatile anaesthetized drug to the present intravenous anesthetic,accompanied by great progress and development of anesthesiology.But how narcotic drugs play a role in the body play a mechanism of general anesthesia is still not very clear.This has seriously affected the anesthesiologist's choice of anesthetic drugs.However,it can be confirmed that the effect of general anesthesia is highly correlated with the concentration of anesthetic drugs and metabolism.Sleep is an active process that the brain produces and becomes the first physiological need in humans.The lack of sustained sleep can lead to body temperature regulation,metabolic and immune function damage,and eventually death.Anesthesia is similar to the performance of a sleep state,have shown reversible loss of consciousness,the central integration capabilities to external stimuli and decreased muscle relaxation and so on.Anesthesia and sleep are not only similar states,but also have common neurobiological characteristics.The role of promoting sleep during anesthesia is caused by the anesthetic's specific action on the nervous system that regulates natural sleep.Functional imaging of the brain when anesthesia-induced consciousness disappeared revealed that the thalamus and midbrain reticular formation were suppressed,whereas the nature of the thalamic cortex during normal non-rapid eye movements was similar.Therefore,in the study of the mechanism of action of general anesthetic drugs,the region that regulates sleep is generally used as a research object.So general anesthesia drugs will inevitably have an impact on sleep.Reported that in recent years,patients with postoperative sleep disturbances more and more,mainly for patients with sleep disordered structure after anesthesia.There are basic research reports prove that sleep deprivation mice was given general anesthesia then had an impact on sleep architecture.It was reported that after sleep deprivation,the sleep structure was observed after propofol anesthesia was administered,which partially compensated for the sleep debt.However,it was unclear whether the anesthetic after prolonged anesthesia had influence on the sleep structure.In this experiment,we observed the change of sleep structure about the sevoflurane anesthesia and dexmedetomidine anesthesia.The results can provid reference for clinical anesthesiologists when using drugs.Experiment one: Effects of long-time sevoflurane anesthesia on sleep structure.Objective To evaluate the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on sleep structure.Methods Sixteen pathogen-free healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomized into 2 groups using a random number table:control group(group C);Sevoflurane group(group S).Each rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording EEG,ECG,EMG and activity via telemetry.After 10 days of recovery and habituation to a 12h:12h light dark cycle states.Group C rats exposed to oxygen for 6 h during 8:00 to 14:00.Group S rats exposed to 2.4%sevoflurane and 100% oxygen for 5.5 h and100% oxygen 0.5h during 8:00 to 14:00.Then rats were taken into the sleep recording box to record EEG?EMG?Activity and Heart Rate for 24 h.The amount of time spent Wake,in NREM sleep,and in REM sleep was calculated in four blocks covering from 14:00 to the next day 14:00,both 6h portions of the light cycle(L1 and L2)and both 6h portions of the dark cycle(D1 and D2).Results Compared with group Control,rats in group sevoflurane exhibited a significant increase of REM sleep(p<0.05)and decrease of Wake time(p<0.05),and bouts of NREM sleep had increase(p<0.05).But no change with NREM sleep time in whole recording.Initial significant daytime(L1)and nighttime(D1)increases in REM sleep after exposure to sevoflurane.It also caused a significant decreases in the average duration of wake but increases in the average duration of NREM sleep time in nighttime(D2).Conclusion After long time sevoflurane anesthesia,the sleep architecture of rats had changed and increased REM sleep time,decreased wake time,and major in L1,D1,D2.Experiment two: Effects of long-time dexmedetomidine anesthesia on sleep structure.Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine anesthesia on sleep structure.Methods Sixteen pathogen-free healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,were randomized into 2 groups using a random number table:Control group(group C);Dexmedetomidine group(group D).Each rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording EEG,ECG,EMG and activity via telemetry.After 7 days of recovery rats had been given jugular vein catheterization.Then habituation to a 12h:12h light dark cycle states for 3 days and record a 24 hours baseline sleep structure.Infusion Group C 0.9% Na Cl injection,administered 4 hours duration,D group pumping 20?g / ml given dexmedetomidine injection,sustained administration for 4 hours.Then rats were taken into the sleep recording box to record EEG?EMG?Activity and Heart Rate for 24 h.The amount of time spent Wake,in NREM sleep,and in REM sleep was calculated in four blocks covering from 14:00 to the next day 14:00,both 6h portions of the light cycle(L1 and L2)and both 6h portions of the dark cycle(D1 and D2).Results Compared with group Control,rats in group dexmedetomidine exhibited a significant increase of REM sleep(p<0.05)and decrease of Wake time(p<0.05),and bouts of NREM sleep had increase(p<0.05).But no change with NREM sleep time in whole recording.Initial significant daytime(L1)and nighttime(D1)decreases in REM sleep time after pump to dexmedetomidine and increases daytime(L2)and nighttime(D2).Caused a significant decrease in the average duration of wake time in daytime(L1)and nighttime(D2).Conclusion After long time dexmedetomidine anesthesia,the sleep architecture of rats had changed and increased REM sleep time and decreased Wake time.The effects of dexmedetomidine on the sleep structure are long and complex.