Extraction Technology,Composition Analysis And Residue Utilization Of Volatile Oil From Arhat Pine

Arhat pine?Podocarpus macrophllus?also known as Lohan,Tsuga,is small to medium-sized evergreen trees.Because of its elegant tree shape,unique combination of seeds and stalks,it is often cultivated in gardens as ornamental trees.Arhat pine contains volatile oil,diterpenoids,reduced diterpenoid lactones,flavonoids and phenolic compounds.Arhat pine is often used in folk medicine,because it has a wide range of pharmacological activities,such as antioxidant,antitumor,anti-inflammatory and protects the blood system and nervous system and other pharmacological functions.Plant volatile oil is a kind of important natural perfume,which is ubiquitous in plants.It is a kind of secondary metabolite with special aroma and volatility.The chemical composition of volatile oil is complex and difficult to dissolve in water,but it can be completely dissolved in some organic solvents such as diethyl ether,chloroform,ethanol,etc.most of the volatile oil is colorless or light yellow transparent oily liquid.This paper makes full use of the abundant branches and leaves resources of arhat pine,studies the extraction of volatile oil,makes effective use of the resources,increases the economic added value of arhat pine,provides theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of arhat pine,and has important scientific research significance.1.A steam distillation method was established to extract volatile oil from branches and leaves of P.macrophllus.Based on single factor analysis,the optimum conditions were obtained by four factors and three levels response surface methodology:soaking time 3 h,liquid-solid ratio 4:1?mL/g?,sodium chloride concentration 4%,distillation time 4 h,under these conditions,the yield of volatile oil from branches and leaves of Podocarpus was 1.09%.A total of 19 compounds were identified by mass spectrometry,accounting for 96.58%of the total chromatographic area.Accounting for 96.58%of the volatile oil,14 terpenes and their oxygen-containing derivatives,accounting for78.23%of the total content,including 3 terpineol compounds;Three terpenoid aldehyde compounds.5 kinds of aliphatic compounds,accounting for 18.35%of the total content,including 2 kinds of ester compounds,3 kinds of acid compounds.The main components of the volatile oil were caryophyllene,?-pinene and?-pinene,and the contents were 21.83%,6.72%and 5.97%,respectively.Citral,camphene and cis-?-ocimene were the least,and the contents were 1.36%,2.11%and 2.12%respectively.2.The method of extracting volatile oil from leaves and branches of Pinus koraiensis by microcapsule aqueous two-phase method was established.The system of?-cyclodextrin-sodium sulfate was confirmed by screening.Based on single factor and four factors and three-level response surface methodology,the optimum extraction conditions were obtained as follows:extraction time 35 mi n,?-cyclodextrin concentration 40%,sodium sulfate concentration 15%,extraction temperature 30?.Under these conditions,the yield of volatile oil from leaves and branches of Pinus koraiensis was 1.372%.A total of 22 compounds were identified by mass spectrometry,accounting for 93.72%of the total chromatographic area.There are 18 terpenes and their oxygen-containing derivatives,accounting for 73.74%of the total content,including 4 terpineol compounds,2 terpinealdehyde compounds,4 aliphatic compounds,accounting for 19.98%,including 2 ester compounds and 2 acid compounds.The main components of the volatile oil were caryophyllene,?-pinene and?-pinene,and the contents were 17.62%,9.78%and 7.47%,respectively.The contents of laurenol,cis-?-ocimene and eucalyptol were 1.01%,0.78%and 1.02%respectively.3.The method of ultraviolet spectrophotometry was established to detect the total flavonoids in Podocarpus macrophllus.The residual residue of Podocarpus chinensis extracted by steam distillation was recycled after drying.In order to explore the effect of flash extraction method on the total flavonoids in Podocarpus chinensis,the optimal extraction conditions were obtained by single factor and response surface methodology.on the basis of single factor and three-level response surface methodology,the optimal extraction conditions were obtained as follows:ethanol volume fraction 71%,liquid-solid ratio 36:1?ml/g?,extraction time 53 s,extraction voltage 75 v,under these conditions.4.The scavenging activities of volatile oil and total flavonoids from leaves and branches of Podocarpus roxburghii on·DPPH-,O₂^-·and·-OH were investigated respectively with V_C and V_E as control.The results showed that the scavenging rates of·DPPH-,O^2-·and·OH were 79.87%,42.78%and 61.34%respectively when the concentration of volatile oil was 0.39 mg/L,and the scavenging rates of·DPPH-,O₂^-·and·-OH were 87.13%,58.24%and 67.56%respectively when the concentration of total flavonoids was 0.42 mg/L,which indicated that the volatile oil and total flavonoids of Podocarpus had good antioxidant activity in vitro.