Epidemiological Investigation Of Refractive Errors,Strabismus And Amblyopia In Children Aged 7-12 Years In Multi-ethnic Areas Of Yunnan Province

Objective(s):To investigate the prevalence of refractive errors,strabismus and amblyopia among school-age children aged 7-12 years in multi-ethnic areas in Yunnan Province,and to compare the differences in gender,age,ethnicity and region,and to conduct multi-factor analysis to explore the factors affecting prevalence.Methods:This cross-sectional study select the five regions of Yunnan that ethnic minorities live in concentrated:Lu xi County of Hong he Hani and Yi ethnic Autonomous Prefecture,Luo ping County of Qu jing City,Xiang yun County of Dali Bai ethnic Autonomous Prefecture,Yun xian County of Lin cang City and Meng la County of Xi shuang ban na Dai ethnic Autonomous Prefecture.In each county,a random sample of 6 elementary schools was selected.A total of 25,934 students received uncorrected visual acuity,best corrected visual acuity,eye position,diopter(subjective refraction or retinoscopy),anterior segment and fundus examination,and finally 24,296 students aged 7-12 years who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study.The prevalence of refractive error,strabismus,and amblyopia were analyzed,and Logistic regression was used to analyze the relevant factors.Results:1.The prevalence of refractive error among children aged 7-12 years in multi ethnic areas in Yunnan is 19.18%(94.31%for myopia),and 1.11%for the prevalence of strabismus(82.16%for exotropia),and the prevalence of amblyopia is 0.86%(87.02%for Refractive amblyopia).2.The prevalence of myopia was different in gender,age,nationality and region(P<0.05).Women are more likely than men to have myopia(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.11-1.27).The risk of myopia increases with age,and the OR of 9-10 years is 2.9(95%CI:2.62-3.2),11-12-year-old OR was 6.6(95%CI:6-7.26).Among the surveyed ethnic groups,3 ethnic minorities were less likely to have myopia than Han ethnicity:Yi ethnic group OR value is 0.62(95%CI:0.47-0.8),Hani ethnic OR value is 0.56(95%CI:0.41-0.76)and Buyi ethnic OR is 0.50(95%CI:0.4-0.62).The prevalence of myopia of Yi ethnic and Bai ethnic did not differ from that of the Han nationality(P>0.05).3.The prevalence of strabismus was different between genders and regions(P<0.05),but there was no difference among ethnic and age groups(P>0.05).Women were less likely to suffer from strabismus and exotropia than men,with OR values of 0.77(95%CI:0.61-0,99)and 0.73(95%CI:0.56-0.96),respectively;myopia was a risk factor for strabismus,especially for exotropia.The increase in myopia has increased the risk of strabismus and exotropia.The OR of strabismus increases from 2.55(95%CI:1.79-3.64)for low myopia to 7.11(95%CI:2.7-18.72)for high myopia.The OR value also increased with increasing myopia;Anisometropia?1.0D was a risk factor for strabismus(OR=1.78,95%CI:1.13-2.8).4.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of amblyopia between gender,age and region(P>0.05).There was a difference between the surveyed ethnic groups(P<0.05).The greater the degree of myopia or hyperopia,the higher the risk of amblyopia(OR value gradually increased,P<0.05),Anisometropia?1.0D is a risk factor for amblyopia(OR = 5.21,95%CI:3.42-7.95).There was no correlation between searched ethnicity and amblyopia(P>0.05).Conclusion(s):1.The refractive error of children aged 7-12 years in multi-ethnic areas of Yunnan Province is mainly myopia,and the strabismus is mainly exotropia,and the amblyopia is mainly refractive amblyopia.2.Women have a higher risk of suffering from myopia than men.Age is a risk factor for myopia.The Han ethnic children are more likely to have myopia than the Dai,Hani,and Buyi ethnic.3.Males have a higher risk of strabismus and exotropia than women.Increased myopia and anisometropia?1.0D are risk factor for strabismus and exotropia.4.The greater the degree of myopia or hyperopia,the higher the risk of amblyopia.Anisometropia?1.0D is a risk factor for amblyopia.5.Refractive error is the influencing factor of strabismus and amblyopia.For children with refractive errors,especially those with high refractive error,we should pay attention eye position examination and amblyopia investigation.6.Refractive amblyopia,strabismus and amblyopia are common children's eye diseases.Screening for school-aged children and even preschool children should be strengthened,early detection and treatment should be performed to avoid irreversible visual impairment.