Research On Polyclinic In Nanjing Area In The 1950s

Polyclinic is a joint medical organization established by the individual medical practitioners in the society under the call of the government and under the leadership of the health authorities during the early days of the founding of PRC.Polyclinic is responsible for grassroots tasks such as medical prevention,epidemic prevention,maternal and child health and health education.As an important supplementary form of public-owned medical institutions,polyclinic have made certain contributions to the construction of the grass-roots medical system,effectively solved the shortage of grass-roots medical resources and the problem of unbalanced distribution,and assisted the national anti-epidemic agencies in controlling and eliminating the infectious diseases and endemic diseases which have serious damage to people's health.Current research on polyclinic in the 1950s is mostly the repeated interpretations of text policies,and there is little concern for state functions and individuals.This thesis will take the development of the polyclinic in Nanjing region in the 1950s as the research center,and use the data of the archives and local records as the first-hand historical data.The current research of historical journals and newspapers and periodicals on this topic are used as supplementary materials.With regard to the study of monographs and thesis of polyclinic research,the thesis will combine empirical research method and statistical data method,and use related theory and method of historical and sociological to view the development of polyclinic in Nanjing region in different periods in the 1950s,so that the author analyzed the specific conditions of the development of polyclinics in different periods and the problems it may confront,and comprehensively evaluated the impact of the construction of polyclinics in the 1950s on the country's health care work,as well as the gains and losses in the development process.This paper is divided into three chapters to elaborate related issues.The first chapter mainly presents the historical background of polyclinic in the 1950s.This chapter is divided into three aspects to clarify the foundation of the polyclinic.First,Infectious diseases and endemic diseases have threatened people's health for a long time,resulting in high maternal and infant mortality and short life expectancy.Second,the new China that has undergone various wars and reconstructions still faces the historical status quo of lack of medicine and drugs.Third,In order to meet the needs of the development of collectivization,the state studied the Soviet Union's construction experience actively and called for the formation of a joint medical institution.Under the influence of the three factors mentioned above,the concept of"polyclinic" was proposed and gradually embodied,and the state formulated the nature,purpose,type,income distribution methods and financial management status.The second chapter focuses on the Nanjing area and tries to show the whole process of the development of the polyclinic in Nanjing region in the 1950s.This chapter is the main part of this article,which is divided into four parts to discuss.In the first section,I elaborated on the status quo of medical and health services in Nanjing after the founding of the People's Republic of China.The author analyzed the data on medical resources,including the number of health facilities,beds,and medical technicians,to present the medical environment of the polyclinics in Nanjing in the 1950s.The second section specifically describes the development of polyclinics in Nanjing from 1950 to 1952.This period was the initial stage of the polyclinic.The country was busy with economic construction,so the management of the polyclinic was loose and the enthusiasm of the doctors was not fully mobilized.The third section mainly describes the specific situation of the polyclinics from 1953 to 1957.This period is the concentrated development and consolidation stage of the polyclinics.Polyclinics in Nanjing have been established one after another,and the number of clinics has steadily increased each in this period.However,many problems have also arisen at the same time.This has affected the superiority of the joint clinic and the government has taken corresponding measures to consolidate the development of the polyclinic.The fourth section mainly describes the specific situation of the polyclinics from 1958 to 1959.This period was the transformation stage of the polyclinics.With the development of the Great Leap Forward and the People's Commune Movement,most polyclinics were incorporated into state-owned medical institutions.At the same time,more individual medical practitioners and semi-agricultural and semi-medical personnel also participated in the work of public health agencies and became part of the welfare services of the communes,and gradually formed a relatively complete rural health care systemThe third chapter mainly analyzes the achievements and deficiencies of the development of polyclinics in Nanjing region in the 1950s.The paper puts forward that the achievements of polyclinic construction are undoubted,this is the first step in establishing a three-tier medical and health network covering urban and rural areas.This has played a positive role in changing the status quo of the general public in lack of medical care,providing basic medical services,and treating and preventing common diseases,frequently-occurring diseases,endemic diseases and epidemics However,due to the uncertainty of the country's characterization of the polyclinic,the development of the joint clinic also has its limitations.On the one hand,the unclear nature of the joint clinics has directly led to a wave of policy and a series of improper government measures.The state did not helped to solve the various practical problems faced by the polyclinics effectively,which was demonstrated by the lack of fixed financial support,stable drug supply,and specialized agency management at the polyclinics.On the other hand,although the form of the polyclinic was established,it did not bring about an increase in the overall scale and professional quality of the primary health care personnel.Compared with barefoot doctors in the 1960s,joint clinics played a much smaller role in rural health care services.