Effect Of Propofol And Operative Trauma On The Neurodevelopment And Cognitive Function Of Developing Brain In Neonatal Rats

Part I Effect of propofol and operative trauma on neuroinflammation and neuroapoptosis in neonatal rats brainObjective:To investigate the effect of propofol and operative trauma on neuroinflammation and neuroapoptosis in neonatal rats brain and its mechanism.Methods:A total of 104 13-day-old postnatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:Single medication groups as con-s group(treated by 7.5 mL/kg saline and sham surgery),ppf-s group(treated by 75 mg/kg propofol),sur-s group(with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia with ropivacaine)and ppf-s+sur group(with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia with ropivacaine and 75 mg/kg propofol anesthesia).Multiple medication groups as con-m group(treated by 7.5 mL/kg saline once a day for 5 days),ppf-m group(treated by 75 mg/kg propofol once a day for 5 days),sur-m group(with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia and 7.5 mL/kg saline once a day for 4 days)and ppf-m+sur group(with 75 mg/kg propofol anesthesia plus abdominal surgery under local anesthesia with ropivacaine in the first day and treated by 75 mg/kg propofol once a day for 4 days).One day after the different treatment,13 rats from each group randomly selected for detecting the concentration of TNF-a in the hippocampus,level of caspase-3 and c-fos in the brain and the neuroapoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampus by TUNEL staining.Results:In single medication groups,TNF-?,caspase-3 and c-fos level and neuroapoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampus significantly increased in sur-s group(P<0.05),and the con-s,ppf-s and ppf-s+sur group showed the similar results(P>0.05).In multiple medication groups,TNF-? concentration,caspase-3 and c-fos levels and the neuroapoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampus increased significantly in the con-m group than the other 3 groups(P<0.05).Compared with ppf-m group and ppf-m+sur group,the sur-m group showed decreased TNF-? level,caspase-3 and c-fos expressions and neuroapoptosis(P<0.05).Summary:Abdominal surgery induced neuroinflammation and neuroapoptosis in neonatal rats hippocampus.Single treatment of propofol reduced neuroinflammatory and neuroapoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampus induced by surgical trauma.But multiple-dose propofol treatment increased neuroinflammatory,neuroapoptosis in neonatal rats.Part II Effects of propofol on long-term neuroethology of neonatal ratsObjective:To investigate the effects of propofol on long-term neuroethology of neonatal rats.Methods:A total of 104 13-day-old postnatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 8 groups:Single medication groups as con-s group(treated by 7.5 mL/kg saline and sham surgery),ppf-s group(treated by 75 mg/kg propofol),sur-s group(with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia with ropivacaine)and ppf-s+sur group(with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia with ropivacaine and 75 mg/kg propofol anesthesia).Multiple medication groups as con-m group(treated by 7.5 mL/kg saline once a day for 5 days),ppf-m group(treated by 75 mg/kg propofol once a day for 5 days),sur-m group(with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia and 7.5 mL/kg saline once a day for 4 days)and ppf-m+sur group(with 75 mg/kg propofol anesthesia plus abdominal surgery under local anesthesia with ropivacaine in the first day and treated by 75 mg/kg propofol once a day for 4 days).Morris Water Maze test was used to detect the cognitive ability of the rats at 60 days old.After the Morris Water Maze test,TNF-? concentration,caspase-3 and c-fos expressions in the brain and neuroapoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected.Results:Morris water maze test,TNF-? level,expressions of caspase-3 and c-fos and neuroapoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampus showed no significant differences among the 8 groups.Summary:Neonatal rats undergoing surgical trauma and propofol anesthesia didn't show significantly effect on neurodevelopment and cognitive function when they were adult rats.Conclusion:Abdominal surgery induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and neuroapoptosis in 13-day-old neonatal rats.Single-dose propofol anesthesia treatment could reduce neuroinflammatory and apoptosis induced by surgical trauma;multiple-dose propofol anesthesia increased neuroinflammatory,induced the neuroapoptosis of neonatal rats.However,whether the single or multiple treatment of propofol or abdominal surgery did not affect the neonatal rats neurodevelopment and cognitive function when they were adults rats.