Study On Processing Technology And Processing Mechanism Of Arcae Concha

The Arcae concha is the shell of Arca subcrenata Lischke,Arca granosa Linnaeus or Arca inflata Reeve.Alias scorpion shell,edgy,corrugated,etc.It has the functions of eliminating phlegm,removing phlegm,and dissolving pain.In the clinical use,calcined or calcined with quenching.At present,the use of Arcae concha is mixed,and the concocting process needs to be further standardized and unified.The principle of concocting needs to be further clarified.Therefore,this experiment compares and analyzes the commercially available Arcae concha and counterfeit products,and studies the forging process and processing principles of Arcae concha,and discusses the correlation of“fire-ingredients-effect”.The main research content is as follows:1 The History of Varroa Pottery and the Progress of Modern ResearchThe method of making Arcae concha was first described in"Leigong Artillery Paradox".The methods of concoction in successive generations included grinding,calcination,calcined vinegar quenching,calcined vinegar cooking,and calcined salt water cooking.At present,the"calcined"method is used throughout the country,and some provinces and cities have adopted the"quenched vinegar quenching"method.The judgments on the fuming heat are mostly"calcined red"and"calcined to crispy",and the fumed color is"taue From"to"the"white"different provisions,the criteria for judging the quality of fumes and decoction pieces need to be further objectively quantified.2 Arcae concha's commodity medicine investigation and sample collectionThe task force collected 36 copies of Arcae concha from 19 provinces and cities including Guangxi,Guangdong,Fujian,Zhejiang and Shandong.A total of 8 batches of Arca subcrenata Lischke,18 batches of Arca granosa Linnaeus,8 batches of Arca inflata Reeve,3 batches of Arca navicularis Bruguiere,4 batches of Anadara crebricostata Reeve,4 batches of Anadara nodifera Martens,8 batches of Scapharca anomala Reeve,and 3 batches of Arca pilula Reeve were identified.The three bases of the Arcae concha have obvious regional characteristics.The Arca granosa Linnaeus is mainly produced in Fujian,the Arca inflata Reeve are mainly produced in Shandong and Guangdong,and the Arca subcrenata Lischke are mainly produced in Guangxi.3 Comparative Analysis of Arcae concha and counterfeit productsIn this experiment,the comparison of the components of the Arcae concha and counterfeit products showed that the content of calcium carbonate in the Arcae concha and counterfeit products was 90.55%⁹9.22%,the content of Ca²⁺in decoction was 0.101%⁰.157%,the content of water-soluble extracts was 0.16%⁰.59%,the pH value of the aqueous extract is 9.25⁹.52,and the total amino acid content is0.020%⁰.099%.The differential thermal analysis,X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis were used to compare and analyze.The results showed that the differential thermal maps of Arcae concha and counterfeit products were basically similar.They all belonged to aragonite type calcium carbonate and mainly contained elements such as Sr,Na,and I.The type and content of its elements are basically similar.In summary,there is no significant difference between Arcae concha and counterfeit products.4 A preliminary study on the"heat-ingredients-pharmaceutical effect"4.1 Effects of different concocting processes and processing methods on sample traits and yield of decoction piecesWhen the Arcae concha is fumed at 300?to 1000?,the color appearance of Arcae concha calcined product is yellow white-slightly gray-light gray-gray-gray tan-dark gray-light brown gray-off white-light white-white.The texture is difficult to smash by hand-it can be broken by hand-it is easy to break it by hand-it is crushed by hand-it is extremely crumbly-extremely crisp.The use of a laser particle size analyzer to determine the degree of crispness of the sample showed that the calcined product and the white color of the calcined product were crisper and smaller in size.As the forging temperature increases,the yield of the forged products gradually decreases.Different color and texture requirements can be seen,and the quality of the decoction pieces is quite different.4.2 Effects of different processes and processing methods on Ca²⁺content,water soluble leachate content and pH of aqueous extract during decoction of samplesWhen the Arcae concha were calcined at 300?¹000?,the content of Ca²⁺in the decoction,the content of water-soluble extracts and the pH of the aqueous extracts gradually increased.At 750?,the content of water-soluble leachate and Ca²⁺content in decoction increased significantly,indicating that<750?is mainly the destruction and escape of organic matter,adsorbed water or free water in the sample,and>750?is mainly due to decomposition of CaCO₃ to CaO in varying degrees.When it is raised to1000?,the content of water-soluble leachate and the content of Ca²⁺in decoction decrease,indicating that CaCO₃ has been decomposed at high temperature and the sample is partially ashed.4.3 Effect of different concocting processes and processing methods on sample compositionX-ray diffraction was used to analyze the phase composition of samples of different concocting furnaces and processing methods.The results showed that the calcined calcium carbonate can be completely converted to calcite calcium carbonate when calcined to 450?.The calcium carbonate does not decompose at 350?to650?,the calcium carbonate begins to decompose at 750?.the calcium carbonate has completely decomposed at 950?,which is consistent with the above findings.Arcae concha was calcined at 850?for 90min?complete decomposition of calcium carbonate?after quenching.Calcined calcium hydroxide accounts for a relatively high proportion.It shows that the fume has a significant influence on the composition of the sample.4.4 The effect of different processing conditions and processing methods on the type and content of inorganic elements in samplesICP-OES,ICP-MS,and AFS-2202 were used to determine the types and contents of inorganic elements in samples of different concocting furnaces and processing methods.A total of 58 inorganic elements were detected,including 16 rare earth elements and 35 trace elements.The results showed that Arcae concha mainly contained Ca,Fe,K,Mg,Na,Sr,As,P,Li,Ti,Zn,Cr,Ba,Y,Sn,Pb,Ce and other elements(content greater than 1?g·g^-1).The contents of Ca,Sr,P and Li elements were not changed much at 750?,the calcined products at 850?,90min and 1000?increased significantly.the toxic elements such as Cr,Sn,Pb,and Sb were significantly reduced after calcination.There is no significant difference between different temperatures.Zn and Ti elements are reduced to varying degrees.It shows that the fume process has a significant effect on the content of inorganic elements in the sample.4.5 Comparative study on the protective effect of different processing conditions and processing methods on acute gastric ulcer in ratsTraditionally,it is better to use calcined acid for pain relief to"forge."In this experiment,ulcer index,rat serum SOD?MDA and VEGF content,rat stomach tissue NO and PGE₂ content as evaluation indicators.Arcae concha,750?forged products,1000?forged products,850?,90 min forged products,calcined Vinegar quenched products,calcined brine quenched products,calcined water quenched products and analytical reagents calcium carbonate,calcium oxide,calcium carbonate:calcium oxide?1:1?for acute gastric ulcer protection in rats were compared and analyzed.The results showed that lesions and ulcers were found in the gastric mucosa of the model group.Compared with the model group,each sample group had a certain protective effect on ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer in rats.Among them,the 750?calcined product group was superior,which could significantly reduce the ulcer index?P<0.05?.The mechanism was to increase serum SOD,VEGF content and decrease MDA content in rats?P<0.05?,and the increase of NO,PGE₂ content in gastric tissue of rats were related?P<0.05?.Indicating that the partial decomposition of calcium carbonate after calcined Arcae concha has better efficacy.4.6 Comparative study on protective effect of samples prepared by different processes and processes on burns in ratsTraditionally,it is better to protect the scald from burns.In this experiment,the wound healing rate,tissue water content,VEGF content,TNF-?content,IL-6 content and EGF content were taken as the evaluation index.For Arcae concha,750?forged products,1000?forged products,850?,90 min forged products,Vinegar vinegar quenched products,calcined brine quenched products,calcined water quenched products and analytical reagents calcium carbonate,calcium oxide,calcium carbonate:calcium oxide?1:1?on the protective effect of burns in rats were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the wounds of the model group were pale and swollen.Compared with the model group,each sample group had a certain protective effect on burns in rats,among which calcined products at 1000?and 850?for90min were superior to the burned product group.After the 21st scald,the wound healing rate was above 99.5%?P<0.05?.The mechanism was related to the decrease of water content and elevation of VEGF in burn tissue of rats?P<0.05?,decrease of serum TNF-?and IL-6 levels and elevation of EGF levels in rats?P<0.05?.Indicating that the complete decomposition of calcium carbonate after calcined Arcae concha has better efficacy.In summary,it is known that the fuming process is a key factor affecting the quality and efficacy of forged products,suggesting that the compositional proportions of the components after calcium carbonate decomposition are the main reasons for the change in the intensity and bias of the effects.First of all,different color requirements,the differences in the quality of the pieces of the pieces are relatively large.Judging from traditional"forged red"and"calcined to crisp"alone,it is difficult to ensure that the clinical medicine is safe,effective,stable and controllable.Secondly,the Arcae concha's effect of“acidic analgesia”and“convergence and astringent”after forging has been strengthened,but there is a difference in the strength of action and bias,which is closely related to the degree of calcium carbonate decomposition.at the same time,the efficacy of Arcae concha and different processed products both are superior to the analysis of pure calcium carbonate and calcium oxide,indicating that other elements contained in addition to the main components such as calcium salt also play a certain synergistic effect.