In Vitro Effect Of Deoxycholic Acid And Chenodeoxycholic Acid On Viability And Apoptosis In Echinococcus Granulosus

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect of deoxycholic acid(DCA)and chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA)against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces and the underlying mechanisms.Methods:E.granulosus protoscoleces were incubated with DCA and CDCA at concentrations of 500,1000,2000,and 3000 ?mol/L.The effect of DCA and CDCA on protoscoleces viability was investigated using0.1% eosin staining.Reactive oxygen species(ROS detection kit)and Intracellular calcium(Calcium kit-Fluo 4/ AM)were used to detect ROS and calcium levels in protoscoleces,respectively.Western bloting was used to detect the expression level of GRP78,Caspase-12,and Bcl-2 proteins.Caspase-3 activity was measured using a Caspase-3 activity assay kit.Results:Incubation with 3000 ?mol/L DCA and CDCA for 6 and 7days resulted in highest mortality rate of protoscoleces,respectively.DCA and CDCA treatment increased the production of ROS(P<0.05)but decreased Bcl-2 expression(P<0.05).Prolonged DCA and CDCA treatment also upregulated intracellular calcium levels and increased the expression of Caspase-12(P<0.05).In addition,we showed that GRP78 protein expression decreased significantly(P<0.05).Caspase-3 activity clearly increased in protoscoleces treated with DCA and CDCA for 24 and 48 h compared with that in controls(P<0.05).Conclusion: 1.DCA and CDCA can inhibit the activity of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces,while doing damage to internal structure,resulting in protoscoleces death.2.DCA and CDCA can induce oxidative stress and calcium ion disorder,and then activate the Caspase-12 apoptosis pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway induce apoptosis of protoscoleces.