Identification Of Metabolomics Profiling For Gestational Diabetes Mellitus And Its Association With Maternal Diet

Objective: To investigate the maternal metabolome on urine,serum and hair associated with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and to explore relationship with maternal diet.Methods: A total of 49 GDM cases and 44 controls were recruited at26 to 28 weeks of gestation.The urine,serum and hair metabolomes were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS)and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC/MS).Dietary intake was assessed using a 96-item food frequency questionnaire(FFQ).Results: Of the 1085 metabolites identified in the urine,769 metabolites identified in serum and 563 metabolites identified in hair,112,47 and 49 metabolites were significantly different between GDM and control,respectively.And of the all significant metabolites,N-Oleoylethanolamine had the greatest ability to classify GDM status,with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82(95%CI=0.73 to 0.92,P=0.0046).A “snack-based-dietary-pattern” was associated with an increased likelihood of GDM(OR: 2.1;95% CI=1.1 to 3.9).Theassociation remained significant after adjustment for calorie intake but not after adjustment for food volume.Conclusion: Metabolomics can assist with the elucidation of metabolic mechanisms underpinning GDM development.The metabolite(N-Oleoylethanolamine)that could classify GDM status was identified in the hair of participants;highlighting the potential of maternal hair as a source of biomarkers.The snack-based dietary pattern associated with GDM suggests that timing and frequency of consumption are important factors in the relationship between maternal diet and GDM.