| Objective and significance:Infantile hemangiomas(IHs)are the most common benign vascular tumors of infants.Females are more likely to be affected than males.Previous studies had shown that IHs tend to occur on hand and neck,leaving behind disfigurations including scaring,redundant skin,telangiectasia,etc.after spontaneous regression.Studies have suggested that the occurrence of IHs was correlated with gender,race,low birth weight,premature birth,family vascular disease history,special events during pregnancy and hypoxia,but there is still a lack of large sample data analysis as a support basis.In China,due to the confusion of naming between vascular tumors and vascular malformation,the actual incidence and clinical characteristics of IHs are still unclear.This study aims to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of IHs in China by a cohort study,to expose the common risk factors,therefore to improve the awareness of IHs and providing more advice for pregnancy counseling.Methods:All the cases were collected in Community Health Service Center.Twenty-one Community Health Service Centers were selected to be the sentinel sites for this investigation and 1 to 2 investigators were assigned to distribute and fill out questionnaires in each sentinel site.All the participants were no more than 12 months old whose mother or father was the Han population in China.Data to be recorded include:gender,age,birth weight,gestational age,parity,delivery pattern,maternal age,fertilization way,special events in pregnancy,family history,etc.For those infants affected by IHs,additional data were needed to be enrolled which includes the time when the IH were found,sites of the lesions,size,type,complications and visceral hemangiomas,diagnosis information and management.EpiData v3.1 Software was used for data entry after the study was finished and the IBM SPSS 20.0 Software for comparison.Continuous variables were compared using t-test while Chi-square test and binary Logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the relative contribution of risk factors.All statistical tests were two-sided and p<0.05 was considered significant.Results:In 18 months,7144 babies were collected with the ratio of male to female 1.10:1.In total study population,2.51%(n=179)had developed IHs and 62.01%are female.Seven infants with IHs(3.91%)had the maternal history of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.Twelve(6.67%)of them were born in low birth weight and 14.53%(n= 26)were premature.Ten babies(5.59%)were found to be in hypoxia at birth.Mothers ever affected by threatened abortion and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were respectively 21.23%and 4.47%.Six babies had the maternal amniocentesis.Fifty two(28.50%)of the IHs lesions are located on the head and neck,72(34.78%)on the truck and 75(36.23%)on the extremities.Most(90.82%)are superficial type.None are in the airway and life-threatening.Only 2.23%of them have the family history.Main conclusions:In this study,the incidence of IHs was found to be 2.51%,which was significantly lower than that in white infants.In addition,it showed that IHs were more common to located on the trunk and extremities,which was obviously not the same as previous reports before.This study suggested the occurrence of IHs was sociated with female,premature birth,low birth weight and maternal hypertensive disorders in pregnancy,while IFV-ET and threatened abortion were not the independent risk factors of IHs.It seemed to be not associated with elderly gestational age,multiple gestation,maternal progesterone intake,maternal amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling,family history of hemangiomas.In addition,the diagnosis and management of infantile hemangiomas remains to be improved in China. |
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