Protective Effect Of Processing Fritillaria Ussuriensis Maxim On The Respiratory System

Fritillaria cirrhosa is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,which has the effects of clearing away lungs heat,resolving phlegm,relieving cough,and removing phlegm.It is a good medicine for the treatment of cough,sputum and asthma.Both Fritillaria cirrhosa and Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim belong to the genus Fritillaria,its efficacy is similar to Fritillaria cirrhosa,and the medicinal effect is weaker than Fritillaria cirrhosa.Because Fritillaria cirrhosa is a wild valuable medicinal material and its resources are depleted year after year,however,Fritillaria has mature artificial cultivation techniques and can be grown in large quantities.Therefore,in this experiment,licorice and honey were processed in proportion to the level of Fritillaria,a variety of cough,sputum,asthma and inflammatory models were used to study the antitussive,expectorant,antiasthmatic,and anti-inflammatory effects of processing Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.1.Study of antitussive effects(1)Ammonia-induced mice coughing experiment to determine the cough latency of mice and the cough times within 3 minutes.Compared with the model group,PBM group did not show any significant effects on the cough latency and frequency(P>0.05),CBM group,ZPBM(500,1000mg/kg)groups and positive group could significantly prolong the cough latency(P<0.001)and reduce cough times(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with the PBM group,CBM group and ZPBM group could significantly increase the cough latency(P<0.01);compared with the CBM group,ZPBM group did not show any significant effects on the cough latency and cough times(P>0.05).It was suggested that PBM had no significant antitussive effect in this model,while ZPBM had a good antitussive effect and its strength was comparable to CBM.(2)Citrate-induced coughing experiment in guinea pigs to determine the cough latency and the cough times within 5 minutes.Compared with the model group,CBM group,ZPBM(500,1000mg/kg)groups and positive group could significantly prolong the cough latency(P<0.05 or P<0.001)and reduce cough times(P<0.01 or P<0.001);compared with the PBM group,the cough times of CBM group and ZPBM(500mg/kg)group were decreased significantly(P<0.01),the ZPBM(1000mg/kg)group could significantly prolong the cough latency(P<0.01)and reduce cough times(P<0.01);compared with the CBM group,the ZPBM(1000mg/kg)group could significantly prolong the cough latency(P<0.05)and reduce cough times(P<0.05).It is suggested that ZPBM had a good antitussive effect and its effect was better than that of PBM and CBM in this model.2.Study of expectorant effects(1)Phenol red expectorant experiment in mice to determine the OD values,and calculated the phenol red based on phenol red standard curve.Compared with the model group,CBM group,PBM group,ZPBM(500,1000mg/kg)groups did not show any significant effects on the OD values and phenol red concentration,the positive group could significantly raise the OD values and phenol red concentration.It was suggested that PBM,CBM and ZPBM had no significant expectorant effect in this model.(2)Capillary discharge sputum experiment in rats to determine the average hourly secretion before and after administration.Compared with the model group,CBM group,PBM group,ZPBM(350,700mg/kg)groups and positive group did not show any significant effects on the sputum liquid column length before drug(P>0.05),the secretion of sputum was significantly increased after drug(P<0.01 or P<0.001)and the sputum liquid column length ratio was significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.001);compared with the PBM group,ZPBM(350,700mg/kg)groups could significantly increase the sputum liquid column length ratio(P<0.05);compared with the CBM group,the sputum secretion after drug and the ratio did not change significantly in the ZPBM group(P>0.05).It was suggested that ZPBM had a better expectorant effect,and its effect was better than that of PBM,which was equivalent to CBM.3.Study of anti-asthma effectUltrasonic nebulization of histamine and acetylcholine-induced asthma in guinea pigs to determine the asthma latency and fall time.Compared with the model group,PBM group did not show any significant effects on the fall time(P>0.05),and the asthma latency was significantly prolonged(P<0.05),CBM group,ZPBM(350,700mg/kg)groups and positive group could significantly prolong the asthma latency and fall time(P<0.05~P<0.001);compared with the PBM group,the fall time of ZPBM(350mg/kg)group was significantly prolonged(P<0.01),the asthma latency and fall time of ZPBM(700mg/kg)group were significantly prolonged(P<0.05 or P<0.001);compared with the CBM group,ZPBM groups did not show any significant effects on the asthma latency and fall time(P>0.05).It was suggested that PBM has a certain anti-asthmatic effect,but the effect did not strong,while the ZPBM had a good anti-asthmatic effect and its intensity was equivalent to CBM.4.Study of anti-inflammatory effects(1)Ear swelling experiment in mice to calculate the swelling degree and inhibition rate.Compared with the model group,PBM group did not show any significant effects on ear swelling degree(P>0.05),CBM group,ZPBM(500,1000mg/kg)groups and positive group could significantly decrease the ear swelling degree(P<0.001);compared with the PBM group,CBM group and ZPBM groups could significantly decrease the ear swelling degree(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and increase the inhibition rate.Compared with the CBM group,there was no significant change in the ear swelling degree and inhibition rate in the ZPBM groups(P>0.05).It was suggested that PBM has no obvious anti-inflammatory effect in this model,while ZPBM has a good anti-inflammatory effect and its strength was equal to CBM.(2)Paw swelling experiment in rats to measure the normal toe volume and the toe volume at 30 min,60 min,120 min,240 min,and 360 min after inflammation,and calculated the paw swelling and inhibition rate.Compared with the model group,CBM group,PBM group,ZPBM(350,700mg/kg)groups and positive group could significantly decrease paw swelling rate after inflammation 30 minutes,60 minutes,120 minutes,240 minutes,and 360 minutes(P<0.05~P<0.001);there was no significant difference in the paw swelling and inhibition rate among the PBM,CBM and ZPBM groups(P>0.05).It was suggested that the anti-inflammatory effect of PBM,CBM and ZPBM had no significant difference.(3)Peritoneal capillary permeability experiment in mice to determine the OD values in order to judge the permeability of the abdominal cavity of mice.Compared with the model group,the PBM group did not show any significant effects on the OD value(P>0.05),the CBM group,ZPBM(500,1000mg/kg)groups and positive group could significantly decrease the OD value(P<0.05);compared with the CBM group,there was no significant difference about the OD value in ZPBM groups.It was suggested that PBM had no obvious anti-inflammatory effect,while ZPBM has a good anti-inflammatory effect and its strength was equal to CBM.Conclusion:ZPBM can prolong cough latency,reduce cough times,promote secretion of sputum,prolong the asthma latency and fall time,inhibit swelling of ears and feet,reduce capillary permeability,and have good antitussive,expectorant,antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory effects.Compared with PBM,the antitussive,expectorant,anti-asthmatic effects of ZPBM were significantly increased,anti-inflammatory effect was enhanced in a certain degree,the efficacy was comparable to CBM,and ZPBM could be used as a substitute for CBM.