Case-control Study On The Related Risk Factors Of Congenital Heart Disease In Yunnan Province

Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the related risk factors of congenital heart disease(CHD)in Yunnan province,and make a preliminary analysis to provide a reference for the scientific prevention of congenital heart disease,so as to help reduce the incidence of congenital heart disease and provide clues for further study of etiology.Methods:Applications case-control study design,The mothers of 1-10 year old children who were diagnosed with CHD by ultrasound and cardiovascular imaging examination were selected as a case group.The children were hospitalized in the department of geriatric cardiology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2017 to January 2018.Meanwhile,98 mothers of 1-10 year old children without any congenital malformations,but similar age and gestational age with the case group,were selected as the control group from the department of pediatrics and the outpatient department of pediatrics in the hospital.The case group and the control group were performed face-to-face interview questionnaire and asked in detail about the exposure of factors during pre-pregnancy and pre-pregnancy,the content includes:family information,living environment,living habits,working environment,pregnancy history,disease and medicine history,negative life events and mental state,diet and nutrition status,etc.A total of 196 valid questionnaires were collected,constituting from 98 mothers in the case group and another 98 mothers in the control group.After quantifying the factors studied,SPSS20.0 software was used for t test,?2 test,single analysis and multiple factor Logistic regression analysis.Results:(1)There is no significant difference in pregnant aged,ethnicity,place of residence,education level and family average monthly income between the case group and the control group(P>0.05),indicating that material balance of two groups is good and the two groups has good comparability.(2)Single analysis results shows that passive smoking during early pregnancy,exposure to pesticides during early pregnancy,abnormal pregnancy history,chronic disease before pregnancy,a cold and a fever during early pregnancy,bad events during early pregnancy,taking antipyretic and analgesic drugs at the early stage of pregnancy,taking antibiotic medicine during early pregnancy may be risk factors of CHD,while prenatal health education,consumption of milk,egg meat and shrimp during pregnancy,supplementation of folic acid,vitamins and trace elements during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy may be protective factors for reducing the incidence of CHD.(3)Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis results shows that passive smoking during early pregnancy(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.12-4.58),abnormal pregnancy history(OR=2.73,95%CI:1.31-5.69),have cold during early pregnancy(OR=4.33,95%CI:2.15-8.70),negative life events during early pregnancy(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.06-4.32)are the risk factors of CHD,and regular consumption of milk,egg meat and shrimp during pregnancy(OR=0.35,95%CI:0.15-0.79),supplementation of folic acid,vitamins and trace elements during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.16-0.64)are the protective factors for reducing the incidence of CHD.Conclusions:(1)Maternal passive smoking during early pregnancy,abnormal pregnancy history,have cold during early pregnancy,bad life events during early pregnancy are the risk factors of CHD.(2)Regular consumption of milk,egg meat and shrimp during pregnancy,supplementation of folic acid,vitamins and trace elements during pre-pregnancy and pregnancy are the protective factors for reducing the incidence of CHD.(3)It is great significance to prevent and reduce the occurrence of congenital heart disease by strengthening nutrition and rational collocation before and during pregnancy,reducing and controlling the exposure of harmful environmental factors.