The Neuroprotective Effect Of Rhubarb Extract And Emodin On Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury In Mice And Its Mechanism

Part IThe neuroprotective effect of Rhubarb extract and Emodin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice and its mechanismObjective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Rhubarb extract(RE)and Emodin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism.Methods:Twenty-eight male ICR mice were randomly divided into sham operation,ischemia reperfusion,low-dose RE(100mg/kg)and high-dose RE(200mg/kg)groups.A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in mice was induced by the suture method.The drug intervention groups were given intragastric RE administration(once a day)on the third day before the model preparation,and the same volume of normal saline was given into mice of the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group.Forty-two male ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups,among them the control groups were respectively sham operation,ischemia reperfusion(IR)Id,and IR 3d groups according to the time of execution after the operation;and the preoperative administration groups were three groups corresponding to the control groups.A model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in mice was induced by the suture method.The preoperative administration groups were given intragastric Emodin administration(once a day,200mg/kg)on the third day before the model preparation,and the same volume of normal saline was given into mice of the control groups.The volume of cerebral infarction was detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining.The neuron specific nuclear protein(NeuN),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),ionized calcium binding adapter1(IBA-1)were used as markers of neurons,astrocytes,and microglial cells,respectively in the ischemia cortical and hippocampal cornu ammonis I(CA 1),and detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)-1,SOD-2,and catalase(CAT)in ischemic infarct area were detected by Western blot analysis.Results:Compared with the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group,the neurological function score of the high-dose RE group was significantly reduced,the infarct volume was significantly reduced too,and the number of neurons in the ischemic cortex was increased significantly,and the activation degree of astrocytes and microglial cells was decreased markedly(all P<0.05),the expression levels of SOD-1,SOD-2,and CAT were increased significantly(all P<0.05);in contrast,there was no significant difference between the low-dose RE group and the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion group.Compared with the control groups,the neurological function score and infarct volume of the preoperative administration group was significantly reduced(all P<0.05).The number of neurons in the ischemic cortex and hippocampal CA 1 of the preoperative administration sham operation group was decreased significantly,and the preoperative administration IR Id,and IR 3d groups were increased significantly.Compared with the control groups,the activation degree of astrocytes and microglial cells in the ischemic cortex of the preoperative administration sham operation group was decreased markedly(all P<0.05);in contrast,there was no significant difference in hippocampal CA 1;and which of the preoperative administration IR 1d,and IR 3d groups were all decreased significantly.The expression levels of SOD-1 and SOD-2 in ischemic infarct area were all increased significantly(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Rhubarb extract and Emodin may play a protective role for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through antioxidative mechanism and inhibition the activation of glial cells.Part II Analysis of the clinical characteristics of acute cerebral infarctionObjective:To explore the clinical features of acute cerebral infarction and to the related risk factors leading to the high NIHSS scores.Methods:The 180 patients diagnosed as acute cerebral infarction were collected from August 2016 to January 2018 in Yangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital.The patients were divided into mild group(below 6),non mild group(6 or above)according to NIHSS scores.The data of demography,lifestyle,disease history,National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)were collected.Results:The mild group had 102 cases with a male to female ratio of 1:1.32 and an average age of(48.36 ± 12.58).The non mild group had 78 cases with a male to female ratio of 1:1.52 and an average age of(64.47 ± 12.61).The age of the non mild group was significantly higher than that of the mild group(P<0.05).The BMI index in the non mild group was significantly higher(P<0.05),and the obese were more than those in the mild group(P<0.05).Non mild groups were more likely to be associated with diabetes,hypertension,atrial fibrillation(P<0.05).Conclusion:Age,BMI index,diabetes,hypertension and atrial fibrillation are associated with high NIHSS score in acute cerebral infarction,which can provide some guiding significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.