On Substitution Effection Of Factors Inputs In Different Apple Cultivation Models

China's agricultural development has stepped from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture,and apple industry has changed from labor-intensive to capital intensive.There is an urgent need to change the cultivation mode and promote industrial upgrading in the Loess Plateau and Bohai Rim Region.With the advancement of China's modernization process,a large number of labors go to cities for work or non-agricultural employment,which leads to the shortage of agricultural labor factors,the rise of labor costs,and the change of agricultural production factor endowment.The traditional apple tree planting mode has a large crown,high management cost,and a lot of labor input,which has not adapted to the current factor endowment situation,while the dwarf cultivation mode has a small crown The characteristics of low management cost,labor saving and convenient for mechanized operation are in line with the future development trend of apple industry,which can play a role in replacing scarce elements.So is the Dwarfing cultivation mode in line with the law of induced technological change? Is it superior to arborization in the aspect of element substitution? What are the factors that affect the substitution relationship of different cultivation models? In the existing research literature,most of them focus on the study of the factor efficiency of the apple industry.There is a lack of specific comparative analysis of the factor substitution relationship of different apple cultivation models,and the lack of research on the factor substitution relationship from the perspective of transaction cost.Therefore,the calculation The elasticity of factor substitution for different cultivation models,judging which model is more advantageous,and analyzing the influencing factors of the substitution relationship of different cultivation models from the perspective of transaction cost are the urgent problems that need to be solved to optimize and upgrade the apple industry and clarify the future development direction.Based on the perspective of factor substitution,guided by the law of diminishing marginal return,the theory of induced technological change and the theory of transaction cost,this paper analyzes and summarizes the relevant research literature,and measures the factor output elasticity and substitution elasticity of the two cultivation modes by using the beyond logarithmic production function according to the field survey data of farmers in Shaanxi and Shandong apple production areas in 2017 Based on the comparative analysis,it can be concluded that the Dwarfing cultivation model has advantages in alternative elasticity,and on this basis,the transaction cost theory can be used to explain the reasons why the Dwarfing cultivation model is difficult to be popularized.Based on the above research,this paper draws the following conclusions:(1)in terms of output elasticity,the output elasticity of labor force,machinery and other elements of arborization cultivation mode is higher than that of dwarfing cultivation mode,but the output elasticity of chemical fertilizer elements is lower than that of dwarfing cultivation mode;(2)in terms of substitution elasticity,the element substitution elasticity of dwarfing cultivation mode is higher than that of arborization cultivation mode,but not very much Obviously,the substitution elasticity of production factors of dwarfing cultivation mode is more advantageous than that of arborization,which conforms to the law of induced technological change;(3)From the perspective of transaction costs,the factor substitution relationship of the arborization cultivation model is subject to specific human assets,accuracy of technical information,risk attitude,participation of cooperative organizations,complexity of circulation,land type,number of apple-grown labor,transaction default The conditions,whether the deadline is agreed,and the quality of the plot,etc.,the substitution relationship of the elements of the low-root dense planting cultivation model is affected by the specific physical assets,the specific human assets,the distance from the technology supply institution,the accuracy of technical information,the scale of farming,and the relationship,Time-consuming negotiations,complexity of circulation,land type,transaction defaults,land quality,the number of apple-grown labor,etc.