Study On Cultivation And Artificial Sclerotial Differentiation Of Polyporus Umbellatus

Polyporus umbellatus?Pers.?Fries.is a kind of edible and medicinal fungus.Its fruit body is the edible part,and its sclerotium is the medicinal part.The sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus has the effects of clearing damp and promoting diuresis,anti-tumor,strengthen immunity and anti-oxidation.With the deepening of the research on the pharmacological effects of Polyporus umbellatus,its demand has been increasing,which result in the excessive development of wild Polyporus umbellatus and its near extinction.At present,the wild sclerotium is widely used for imitation wild cultivation in the production of Polyporus umbellatus.Each cycle requires 4 to 5 years,and there are problems such as heterogeneity of species,degradation of germplasm and unstable yield.Although there are reports about the cultivation experiment of pure Polyporus umbellatus,it has not been widely promoted.Although the sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus can be cultivated in the laboratory,the conditions of sclerotium differentiation are not yet clear.Based on the preliminary research in the laboratory,this study improved the artificial semi-wild cultivation technology of Polyporus umbellatus,explored the cultivation technology of pure Polyporus umbellatus,and optimized the cultivation system of Polyporus umbellatus.At the same time,study the relationship between oxalic acid,soil fungi,hydrogen peroxide and sclerotium differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus from the sclerotium oxygen stress theory to study the sclerotium differentiation,looking for suitable conditions for sclerotium differentiation,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the industrial production of sclerotia.The main findings are as follows:1. The artificial semi-wild cultivation of Polyporus umbellatus,the harvesting period should not be less than three years.The optimal planting density is 300 g/nest.The dosage of Armillaria is 2250 g/nest.The addition amount of Zn SO₄·7H₂O is 15 g/nest is suitable.The addition amount of Cu SO₄·5H₂O is 5 g/nest,and the addition amount of KH₂PO₄ is 10g/nest.The use of 0.1%KH₂PO₄ soaking wooden sticks is beneficial to the improvement of the quality of Polyporus umbellatus.Humic acid is not conducive to the growth of Polyporus umbellatus.When the bagged hyphae and the bagged sclerotia are used for direct field cultivation,no new sclerotia is formed under the current test conditions.2. In the plate culture,the p H of the medium has a great influence on the mycelium growth and development of Polyporus umbellatus.Within the test range,p H 6.0 is beneficial to the mycelium growth of Polyporus umbellatus,and p H 5.0 is beneficial to the sclerotium differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus.At the same p H,the content of hyphae peroxide?H₂O₂?in the oxalic acid-treated group was significantly higher than that in the hydrochloric acid-treated group,and oxalic acid was more conducive to sclerotium differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus than hydrochloric acid.Under the same acid condition,different p H has a certain effect on the sclerotium differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus,and the mycelium H₂O₂ content and CAT activity of Polyporus umbellatus are negatively correlated with p H,which indicates that the mycelium endogenous H₂O₂ in Polyporus umbellatus is related to the sclerotium differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus.3. In plate culture,the fermentation broth of different soil fungi has a certain effect on the mycelium growth and development of Polyporus umbellatus.Within the test range,the low-concentration?10 m L/100 m L?strain M1 and strain M4 fermentation broth can promote the mycelium growth of Polyporus umbellatus.The fermentation broth of strain M2 and strain M3 inhibite the mycelium growth of Polyporus umbellatus.The fermentation broth of strain M1 and strain M4 is beneficial to the sclerotium differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus.The type of fungus and its fermentation broth concentration will affect the mycelium H₂O₂ content and CAT activity of Polyporus umbellatus.Low concentration?10m L/100 m L?strain M1 fermentation broth treatment of Polyporus umbellatus mycelia can increase the mycelium H₂O₂ content and CAT activity of Polyporus umbellatus.4. In plate culture,the addition of hydrogen peroxide?H₂O₂?and catalase inhibitor?1,3-amino-1,2,4-triazole,AT?can increase the number of sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus.Within the test range,the most suitable H₂O₂ concentration for sclerotiorum differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus.is 10^-4 mol·L^-1,and the most suitable H₂O₂ concentration for mycelium growth is 10^-6 mol·L^-1.Exogenous addition of AT will inhibit the mycelium growth of Polyporus umbellatus,but it is conducive to the sclerotiorum differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus.The most suitable AT concentration for the sclerotiorum differentiation of Polyporus umbellatus is 10^-3 mol·L^-1.The H₂O₂ content of Polyporus umbellatus is positively correlated with the concentration of H₂O₂ and AT of culture medium.The mycelium H₂O₂ content and CAT activity of Polyporus umbellatus at undifferentiated?UD?stage is higher than that of Polyporus umbellatus at sclerotial initiation?SI?stage.