Study On The Formula Fertilization Technique Of Potato And Corn In Yulin City

Unreasonable fertilization will lead to waste of fertilizer,but also cause soil consolidation and environmental pollution.Soil-testing formula fertilization techniques,including soil nutrient determination,fertilization scheme,use of appropriate formula fertilizer,can be more targeted for crops and soil fertilization,to ensure that soil fertility meets the needs of crop growth and development,not only can increase crop yield and income,but also can fertilize soil fertility,coordinate soil nutrients,and protect the ecological environment,so it is widely used at home and abroad.Potatoes and corn are the main crops in Yulin city.There are some problems such as applying nitrogen fertilizer by habit and blindly fertilizing.Soil testing formula fertilization is effective address the above issues.In this study,the fertilizer effect function of potato and maize was established by analyzing the effects of crop type,soil type and crop on fertilizer utilization rate in Shenmu County,Jingbian County,Yuyang District and Dingbian County.(1)After the soil formula fertilization test,the apparent utilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potash fertilizer in potato and maize were respectively 13.29-31.44%and21.01%-33.55%in the current season.Compared with conventional fertilization,the utilization rate of N,P and K fertilizer increased by 8.53%,19.39%and 35.78%,respectively.Under the technical support of formula fertilization,the crop yield of potato and maize increased by nutrient per 1kg of fertilizer was 1.91 kg/hm~2 and 0.96 kg/hm~2higher than that of conventional fertilization,respectively.(2)The effect of fertilization on potato yield was significantly higher than that of maize.And only nitrogen,phosphorus and potash fertilizer had the greatest effect on crop yield and yield increase.The most influential factor of the three elements is nitrogen,followed by phosphorus and potassium.(3)The investigation on the types,methods and amounts of fertilization in Shenmu,Jingbian,Yuyang and Dingbian showed that the common rule was:with the increase of nitrogen application level,the apparent nitrogen utilization rate of potato was in a quadratic parabola relation with crop yield,and the optimal nitrogen application rate was 199 kg/hm~2.With the increase of nitrogen,the yield per unit area of maize also increased first and then decreased.However,with the increase of nitrogen content,the utilization rate of nitrogen decreased linearly,and the optimal nitrogen application rate was 114 kg/hm~2.With the increase of phosphorus content,excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer will significantly reduce crop yield and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer.The optimal amount of phosphate fertilizer for potato and corn was 66 kg/m~2 and 82 kg/hm~2respectively.The optimal potassium application amounts were 80 kg/hm~2 and 120-180kg/hm~2,respectively.(4)The formula fertilization and fertilizer effect test showed that:(1)The most suitable fertilizer amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for potato high-fertility fields were 31.36 kg/hm~2,135 kg/hm~2 and 99.68 kg/hm~2 respectively.(2)Potatoes were planted in soil with medium fertility.The optimum fertilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potash fertilizer were 218.36 kg/hm~2,47.09 kg/hm~2 and 63.28kg/hm~2,respectively.(3)When planting potatoes in soil with low fertility,the optimum fertilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 139.5 kg/hm~2,68.15 kg/hm~2and 84.18 kg/hm~2,respectively.(4)The optimum nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization rates of maize in high-fertility fields were 191.4 kg/hm~2,39.10 kg/hm~2 and135-202.5 kg/hm~2,respectively.(5)The optimal nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilization amounts were 199.57 kg/hm~2,71.82 kg/hm~2 and 28.32 kg/hm~2 in low-fertility fields.(5)The nutrient utilization rate of N,P and K in season is inversely proportional to the level of soil fertility.The effect of fertilization on crop yield is consistent with that of fertilizer in season,and the yield increase effect decreases with the increase of soil fertility.(6)The number of tubers and effective tubers had great influence on potato yield,and the number of grains per ear played an important role in increasing maize yield.The apparent utilization rate of potato nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was yellow mud sandy soil>ash oil sandy soil>mud field>tidal mud field.This study provided a basis for scientific and rational fertilization in potato and corn production in Yulin city.