Progeny Test And Superior Families Selection Of Introduced Armeniaca Vulgaris Var.ansu In Westernliaoning Province

Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu is with important ecological and economic value,it has broad application prospects and great development potential.In this paper,the progenies of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu family were used as experimental materials to study the genetic variation of phenological characteristics,growth traits,economic traits and nutritional components in fruit.By comprehensive evaluation,excellent familyies were selected in order to provide scientific foundation for the breeding and application of this species.The main results were as follows:(1)The 38 Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu families were buded among late March and early April,blooming in the middle of April and the blossom dropped in the late April.The whole flowering period lasted for 18~25 days.The flowering period of No.167 was the longest.The fruit setting of 38 Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu families were beginning in late April and the fruit-dropping were in middle of July,the whole fruiting season period lasted for 75~83 days,and the fruiting season period of No.260 was the longest.The leaf-expansion period of 38 Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu familyies begun in late April and defoliation begun in early November.The whole growth period lasted for 188~204 days,and the growth period of No.258 was the longest.Among them,the blooming period of No.167 was the earliest and it can be used for ornamental flower resources in early spring.The blooming period of No.119 and No.166 were the latest and they can be used as parent materials of late flower breeding.No.260 had the longest fruit season period and No.120 had the earliest fruit setting period.No.119,No.143,No.253,No.166 and No.260 had the latest fructescence.According to the data of phenological observation,we adopted the method of Ward for cluster analysis,the samples were divided into 5 categories.(2)Among the 17 qualitative description traits,the main traits such as leaf color,pulp taste and other main traits met the basic characteristics of phenotypic traits of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu family,and 30 quantitative description traits met the normal distribution.The phenotypic traits of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu were variety in differences among families or within family.The average phenotypic differentiation coefficient of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu family was 72.57%,the variance component among families(66.06%)was larger than that within families(23.98%),the variance component among provenances(67.44%)was larger than that within provenances(44.07%).The inter-family variation was the main source of phenotypic trait variation in Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu family.The range of variation coefficient in trait was 13%~48% on average,and the Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu family showed abundant diversity based on phenotypic traits.The heritability of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu family in the length,width and height of the fruit,kernel and nutlet was 0.01~0.98.The Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu families were divided into three groups by cluster analysis.The first group had the largest fruit-form index and kernel rate,which was able to be used as parent material for breeding high kernel rate or special fruit shape.The second group had the largest shell thickness and nutlet rate,which was able to be used as shell-using resource.The third group had the largest fruit,nutlet-form index,kernel-form index,yield per plant,sugar content,soluble solids content and VC content,which was able to be used for fresh-eating or processing and utilization of pulp,and this group also can be used as parental materials for breeding special nutlet shape or kernel shape.(3)There were 54 extremely significant positive correlation and 44 significant positive correlation between the growth and economic traits of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu families.The yield per plant was mainly affected by fruit and nutlet traits,kernel rate was mainly affected by nutlet traitrs,nutlet rate and sugar content were mainly affected by fruit size,VC content was mainly affected by nutlet traits,kernel traits,sugar content and soluble solids.The results of association analysis between fruit traits and SSR markers showed that under extremely significant conditions(p<0.01),37 loci were respectively associated with 13 traits through using model of GLM.29 loci were respectively associated with 12 traits through using model of MLM.Principal component analysis extracted 8 principal components from 30 traits of Armeniaca vulgaris var.ansu family,the cumulative contribution rate was 79.682%,which reflected most of the information of comprehensive trait.According to 25% selection rate,No.119,No.102,No.165,No.142,No.120,No.253,No.118,No.258,No.234,No.243 were the families with better comprehensive traits.Through the method of probability classification,7 families with shell-using type,11 families with big fruit type,7 families with high nutlet rate,8 families with high kernel rate,7 families with high yield type,9 families with high sugar content and 7 families with high VC content were selected.