Zanthoxylum Seeds Replacing Corn In Different Proportions For Fattening Pigs Effects Of Production Performance,Meat Quality And Fatty Acid Composition

With the aggravation of livestock struggling food from human,the rising cost of environmental protection,epidemic prevention,human,piglets and the change of consumption habits have a great impact on the benefit production of pig breeding.Pigs,as omnivores,can perfectly utilize a variety of plant resources.Zanthoxylum seeds are rich in nutrition and have the potential to become the raw material of feed for finishing pigs.This experiment aimed to explore the effect of using part of zanthoxylum seeds instead of corn in the diet on the growth performance,meat quality,and economic benefit of finishing pigs.In the experiment,a total of 288 ninety-day-old healthy DLY pigs were randomly divided into four groups,each group was divided into four replicates,18 pigs replicates.Taking the basic diet as the control group（CG）,zanthoxylum seeds replaced 2.5%,5%,and 7.5%corn as the diets of groupⅠ（GI）,group GⅡ（GII）and groupⅢ（GⅢ）,respectively.The feeding period was 100 days.The effects of growth and fattening performance,carcass quality,and fatty acid composition in pig tissues were measured and the breeding benefits were analyzed.The specific test results and conclusions were as follows:1.The ADG of the GII was the highest and the weight-gain cost was the lowest,but the ADG of the GⅢwas the lowest,the ratio of feed to meat was the highest.There was no significant difference in pH_45min and color of meat among all the groups（P>0.05）.The cooked meat rate and pH_24h of each experimental group were obviously decreased than those of the CG（P<0.05）,and the difference between the experimental groups was not obvious（P>0.05）.The muscle water loss rate of the GⅡand GⅢwas significantly higher than that of the GⅠand CG（P<0.05）.2.In the livers of finishing pigs,the SFAs of the GⅠwas significantly higher than that of other groups（P<0.01）.The UFAs,PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs of the GⅠwere largely decreased than those of other groups（P<0.05）.The n-3 PUFAs of the GⅡand GⅢwere sharply increased than that of the CG（P<0.01）,evidently higher than that of the GⅠ（P<0.05）,and the SFAs of the GⅠwas obviously higher than that of the CG（P<0.05）.The content ofα-linolenic acid in the GⅠwas significantly higher than that in the GⅡand GⅢ（P<0.05）,the content ofα-linolenic acid in the GⅡwas significantly higher than that in the GⅡ（P<0.05）,the content ofα-linolenic acid in the GⅡwas significantly higher than that in the GⅠ（P<0.01）,and there was no significant difference between the GⅠand the CG（P>0.05）.DHA content in each experimental group was apparently increased than that in the CG（P<0.05）,and there was no significance between the experimental groups（P>0.05）.3.In the aspect of pig longissimus dorsi muscle,there was no significant difference in the content of MUFAs,n-6PUFAs among four groups（P>0.05）.There was no significance in the SFAs between the CG and the GⅠ（P>0.05）,and the UFAs in the GⅡand GⅢwere significantly decreased than that in the CG（P<0.05）.The PUFAs in the experimental groups were obviously higher than that in CG（P<0.05）,and the UFAs in the GⅢwere significantly higher than that in the CG（P<0.05）.The content of n-3 PUFAs was significantly increased with the increase of zanthoxylum seeds additive amount,there were significant difference among all treatments（P<0.05）and all of them were significantly higher than that of the CG（P<0.05）.The content of n-6/n-3 was decreased with the increase of additive amount,and significantly decreased than that of the CG（P<0.01）.The content ofα-linolenic acid increased with increase zanthoxylum seeds additive amount,it content of GⅢwas also significantly higher than that of the CG（P<0.01）.DHA in each experimental group was obviously higher than that in the CG（P<0.05）,and the difference between each experimental group was not significant（P>0.05）.4.There was no significant difference in the content of MUFAs and n-6PUFAs in the backfat of finishing pigs（P>0.05）.The SFAs of each experimental group was significantly lower than that of the CG（P<0.05）.The UFAs of the GⅠwas significantly higher than that of other groups（P<0.05）,but the difference between other groups was not significant（P>0.05）.PUFAs in the GⅡand GⅢwere significantly higher than of the CG and GⅠ（P<0.05）.n-3PUFAs increased with the increase of the zanthoxylum seeds dosage,n-3PUFAs in the GⅠwas significantly higher than the in the CG（P<0.05）,similarly,it content in the GⅢwas significantly higher than the CG（P<0.01）.n-6/n-3 decreased with the increase of the zanthoxylum seeds dosage,and each experimental group was significantly lower than the CG（P<0.01）.α-linolenic acid can increase with the increase of zanthoxylum seeds addition.The level of DHA in the GⅡwas significantly higher than that in other groups（P<0.05）.5.In perirenal fat,there was no significant difference in SFAs,UFAs,MUFAs,and n-6PUFAs content among the groups（P>0.05）.The content of PUFAs in the GⅡand GⅢwas largely increased than that in the CG and GⅠ（P<0.05）.The content of n-3PUFAs in each experimental group was obviously raised than that in the CG（P<0.05）,the content of n-3PUFAs in the GⅢwas sharply added than that in the CG（P<0.01）.The value of n-6/n-3in the CG was very significantly higher than that in each experimental group（P<0.01）.The value of n-6/n-3 in the GⅠand GⅡwere significantly higher than in the GⅢ（P<0.05）.α-linolenic acid in each group was significantly higher than that in the CG（P<0.05）.DHA in each group was significantly higher than that in the CG（P<0.05）,but there was no significance between groups（P>0.05）.6.There was no significant difference（P>0.05）in the cost of weight gain between the GⅠand GⅡ,it was evidently higher in the control group than that in the GⅠand GⅡ（P<0.05）.Moreover,the cost of weight gain in the GⅢwas significantly higher than that in other groups（P<0.05）.Compared to the CG,the income of the GⅠand GⅡincreased by 0.7%and1.4%respectively,while that of the third group decreased by 1.8%than the CG.In conclusion,replacing corn with 2.5%-5%zanthoxylum seeds can improve the growth performance of finishing pigs,reduce the food cost,increase the breeding efficiency,and improve the fatty acid composition of pig tissues.Adding zanthoxylum seeds will not have adverse effects on meat quality.