| The negative effects brought by the use of antibiotics are increasingly prominent in animal husbandry.More and more countries and regions have begun to limit the use of antibiotics in feeds,which has led to the emergence of green and healthy farming models such as probiotic fermentation and microbial preparation.Probiotic fermentation can degrade the anti-nutritional factors in the feed and produce trace amounts of highly active substances,thereby improving the nutritional value of the feed and improving the feed utilization and immunity of the livestock and poultry.Probiotics can effectively replace antibiotics and realize green and healthy breeding.The probiotic fermented feed was used for feeding sows in this study.Forty-eight healthy sows(close reproductive performance and similar body condition)were chosen and randomly divided into two groups(twenty-four in each group).The control group was fed with basal diet,and the experimental group was fed with probiotic fermentation feed.The experiment was carried out from the beginning of pregnancy to the delivery of sows.The nutritional components of probiotic fermented feed,the average daily intake and backfat thickness of sows in different gestational periods,serum biochemical indexes and reproductive performance of sows were measured.The main results obtained in this study are as follows:1.The crude protein content of the feed fermented by probiotics at 30 ℃~35 ℃ for 24~48 hours was 14.86%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group(P < 0.05).The crude fiber content and crude fat content were significantly reduced,which were 3.01% and 1.87% respectively(P < 0.05).The composition of feed bacteria changed,the content of Lactobacillus was 75%,and Clostridium butyricum was 21.71%.Compared with the control,the feed intake of sows in the experimental group was higher,especially in the second and third trimester of pregnancy(P < 0.05).2.Backfat thickness,red blood cell count(RBC),platelet count(PLT),white blood cell count(WBC),glucose(GLU),triglyceride(TG),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and aspartate Transaminase(AST)had no significant effect,but it could increase the progesterone concentration of sows in the first and second trimesters(P < 0.05).Especially at the 60 th and 90 th days after fermented feed was fed,the progesterone concentrations of the sows in the experimental group were 3.43 ng/mL and 4.78 ng/mL,which were significantly higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).In addition,the progesterone peak of the sows in the test group was earlier than that in the control group.3.The milk protein content of sow milk in the test group was 7.53 g/100 mL,which was an increase of 30.28% compared with the control group(5.78 g/100mL)(P < 0.05).Compared with the control(2.60 g/L),the content of IgG in sows of the test group fed with probiotic fermentation feed increased by 10.77%(P < 0.05),and the content of IgM in sows of the test group(0.93 g/L)increased by 25.68%(P < 0.05)compared with the control group(0.74 g/L).The results showed that probiotic fermented feed could increase the content of milk protein in sow milk,and the content of IgG and IgM in Colostrum(P < 0.05).4.Weaning litter weight(77.75 kg)was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(62.30 kg)(P <0.05).Compared with the control group,the litter size,live birth size,and newborn litter weight in the test group increased by 11.13%,16.12%,and 11.59%,respectively,but the differences were not significant(P > 0.05)..In conclusion,probiotic fermentation feed can improve the palatability of feed and increase feed intake of sows.The nutritional structure of sow colostrum and the immunity of piglets were improved.The number of litter,litter size of sow’s nest,weight of weaning litter and reproductive performance of sows were improved.And this study is of great significance to the pig breeding industry. |
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