| In this study,five diets containing different rhubarb levels(0.00(control group),0.30,0.60,0.90,1.20 %)were prepared to feed Songpu mirror carp for 8 weeks.By detecting the growth indicators(growth performance,feed utilization and muscle nutritional composition),antioxidant indicators(the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and the contents of GSH and MDA in serum and hepatopancreas),immune indicators(total leukocyte count,leukocyte phagocytosis index,the contents of albumin,nitric oxide(NO),immunoglobulin M(Ig M),complement C3,the activities of lysozyme(LZM),alkaline phosphatase(AKP)in serum,and the m RNA expression levels of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-10(IL-10)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)in kidney and spleen),the effects of different concentrations of rhubarb on the growth,anti-oxidant and immune were explored.These results showed that:(1)Dietary rhubarb levels had a significant effect on the growth and feed utilization of Songpu mirror carp.With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the final body weight,average weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed efficiency and protein efficiency of Songpu mirror carp increased first and then decreased.All the rhubarb supplemented group were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05)and reached the highest level when the dietary rhubarb level was 15.00 g/kg(P<0.05).Dietary rhubarb levels had no significant effect on the muscle nutritional composition of Songpu mirror carp,but showed a certain improvement effect.(2)Dietary rhubarb levels had a significant effect on the antioxidant indicators in serum and hepatopancreas.Serum aspect: with the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the activity of T-SOD of Songpu mirror carp increased first and then decreased,and the serum T-SOD activity in the 15.00 g/kg group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the activities of CAT,GSH-Px and the content GSH of Songpu mirror carp increased first and then decreased.When the dietary rhubarb levels were 5.00,15.00 and 30.00 g/kg,the activities of CAT,GSH-Px and the content GSH were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the content of MDA of Songpu mirror carp decreased first and then increased,but all the rhubarb supplemented group were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).When the dietary rhubarb levels were 15.00 and 30.00 g/kg,the content of MDA were significantly higher than that in the control,1.00 and 5.00 g/kg group(P<0.05).(3)Dietary rhubarb levels had a significant effect on the immune indicators in serum.Leukocyte count in each rhubarb-added group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the phagocytosis index of blood innocent cells in serum increased first and then decreased,it was significantly higher in 5.00,15.00,30.00 g/kg group than that in the control group(P<0.05),and 15.00,30.00 g/kg group were significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the serum albumin content and AKP activity increased first and then decreased,which was significantly higher in the 15.00 group than that in the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the serum LZM activity and Ig M content of Songpu mirror carp increased first and then decreased,which was showed higher values in 5.00 and 15.00 group(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the serum contents of NO and C3 increased first and then decreased,and all the rhubarb supplemented group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).(4)Dietary rhubarb levels had a significant effect on the expression levels of immune related genes in the kidney and spleen of Songpu mirror carp.With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the m RNA level of NF-κB in the kidney decreased,all the supplementation groups were significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),and 15.00 and 30.00 g/kg groups were significantly lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the m RNA level of NF-κB in spleen of Songpu mirror carp decreased first and then increased,which was significantly lower in the 5.00,15.00,30.00 g/kg group than that in the control group(P<0.05),and it was significantly lower in the 15.00,30.00 g/kg group than that in the other groups(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the m RNA levels of IL-1β in kidney and spleen of Songpu mirror carp decreased,which was significantly lower in 5.00,15.00,30.00 g/kg group(P<0.05).And the m RNA level of IL-1β in kidney of Songpu mirror carp reached the lowest level in 15.00 g/kg group(P<0.05),while the m RNA level of IL-1β in spleen of Songpu mirror carp reached the lowest level in 30.00 g/kg group(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the m RNA levels of TNF-α in kidney and spleen decreased.And the m RNA level of TNF-α in kidney was significantly lower in the 5.00,15.00,30.00 g/kg group(P<0.05),while the m RNA level of TNF-α in kidney of all rhubarb supplemented group were significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the m RNA levels of IL-2 in kidney and spleen of Songpu mirror carp gradually increased,and the addition of each rhubarb group were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the m RNA levels of IL-10 in kidney and spleen of Songpu mirror carp increased first and then decreased,and the m RNA levels of IL-10 in kidney and spleen were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the m RNA levels of IL-10 in kidney and spleen reached the highest level in 15.00 g/kg group(P<0.05).With the increase of dietary rhubarb levels,the m RNA levels of IFN-γ in kidney and spleen of Songpu mirror carp gradually increased,and the m RNA levels of IFN-γ in kidney and spleen reached the highest level in 5.00,15.00 and 30.00 g/kg group(P<0.05).Under the conditions of this study,the optimum level of dietary rhubarb was 5.00-15.00 % in Songpu mirror carp according to the indexes of growth,anti-oxidant and immune. |
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