| Non-commercial forests have an undeniable position in protecting ecological security,maintaining biodiversity,and promoting sustainable economic and social development.Since the end of the 20 th century,China has implemented a series of non-commercial forestry projects.The scale of non-commercial forests has continued to expand.The proportion of artificial pure forests and young and middle-aged forests is increasing.The management is not in place and the quality and efficiency are not high.It is urgent to strengthen the management in order to achieve the goal of improving quality and efficiency.In this study,using the data of the fourth forest second-level resource survey,based on the analysis of the distribution and structure of non-commercial forest resources in Hubei Province,the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)was used to construct an evaluation index system to evaluate the quality and efficiency rating of non-commercial forests in Hubei Province.Divide the types of low-quality and low-efficiency non-commercial forests based on the principal component analysis of the evaluation indicators,and put forward measures to improve the quality and efficiency of various low-quality and low-efficiency forests,with a view to providing a basis for the improvement of the quality and efficiency of non-commercial forests in Hubei Province.The main results are as follows:(1)The forest area of Hubei Province is 9.831 million hm2,the area of non-commercial forest is 3.5206 million hm2,and the stock volume is 168.778 million m3.The non-commercial forests in Hubei Province are mainly distributed in Yichang City,Shiyan City,and Enshi Prefecture.These three cities together account for 67.64%of the total area of non-commercial forests.The geographical distribution of non-commercial forests is extremely uneven.Hubei Province,state-level non-commercial forest 1.7988 million hm2,accounting for 51.09%of the total area of non-commercial forest;750200 hm2 provincial non-commercial forest,accounting for 21.31%;50300 hm2 municipal non-commercial forest,accounting for 1.43%,county non-commercial forest area of 921300 hm2,accounting for 26.17%.(2)Among the non-commercial forests in Hubei Province,the area and proportion of pure forests are 2376800 hm2(52.38%),mixed forests are 1092200 hm2(24.06%),shrubs are 1,009,100 hm2(22.44%),and stand-off woodlands are 110600 hm2(2.44%).The forest species structure is dominated by soil and water conservation forests,with an area and proportion of 2,982,500 hm2(63.63%),water conservation forests of 1.0948 million hm2(23.35%),and natural protected forests of 402,600 hm2(8.59%).The area and proportion of young and middle-aged forests in arbor forests are 2370400 hm2(66.30%),middle-aged forests are 1.0408 million hm2(29.11%),and near-mature forests are 102000 hm2(2.80%).And Pinus massoniana forest area accounted for 707900 hm2(15.10%),Quercus L forest is 482800 hm2(10.30%),Cunninghamia lanceolata is 136000 hm2(2.90%).In the tree species structure,the area and proportion of shrubs were 937,600 hm2(20.00%),the hard-broad tree species group was 730,800 hm2(15.74%),and the broad-leaved mixed tree species group was 526,600 hm2(12.00%).The area of other land types,forest species and tree species is relatively small.(3)The weight of the index determined by the Analytic Hierarchy Process shows that the weight of the forest resource quality in the target layer is 0.7092,which is much larger than the weight of the forest ecological service benefit of 0.2908.In the criterion layer,the weights of forest stability(0.3904)and stand growth(0.3189)are higher,while the weights of soil and water conservation(0.1239),biodiversity(0.1204),and carbon fixation and oxygen release(0.0464)are lower.In the indicator layer,the weights of community structure(0.2538),forest health level(0.1365),and age group level(0.1192)are all greater than 0.1.It can be seen that the quality of forest resources in the target layer,the forest stability and stand growth in the criterion layer,the community structure in the indicator layer and the forest health and age group levels are the key indicators that affect the quality and efficiency of non-commercial forests in Hubei Province.It shows that the key to improving the quality and efficiency of non-commercial forests in Hubei Province is to improve the quality of forest resources,including promoting forest growth to improve the age group level,improving community structure and forest health to improve forest stability.(4)Non-commercial forest quality and efficiency level evaluation Hubei Province show that the overall quality and efficiency rating of very poor and poor forest area of 20.12%and 15.14%respectively of the total non-commercial forest area,the number of small classes accounting for 39.39%;The area ofnon-commercial with a comprehensive quality and efficiency rating of good and good accounts for 33.13%and 20.03%of the total non-commercial forests,respectively,and the number of small classes accounts for 49.22%;the area of the general quality and efficiency rating for general non-commercial forests accounts for 11.58%of the total non-commercial forests,the number of small classes accounts for 11.39%;the quality and efficiency of nearly 65%of the non-commercial forests in Hubei Province are above average,and the overall quality and efficiency are better.Among them,the area of non-commercial forests with extremely poor and poor forest resource quality levels accounted for 25.68%and 10.54%of the total non-commercial forests,respectively,and the number of small classes accounted for 40.11%;the area of non-commercial forests with extremely poor and poor ecological service benefit levels accounted for the total 5.18%and 11.42%of non-commercial forests,and the number of small classes accounted for 23.97%.It can be seen that the quality and efficiency of non-commercial forests in Hubei Province still have a large room for improvement.(5)From the perspective of the indicator layer,the quality and efficiency grades of most of the indicators are mainly good and good,but the area of non-commercial forests with extremely poor age group ratings accounts for 73.61%of the total non-commercial forests,and the number of small classes accounts for 70.56%;The quantity accounts for 41.9%;the area of non-commercial forest with extremely poor humus thickness grade accounts for 82.19%of the total non-commercial forest,and the number of small classes accounts for 82.73%.The results show that the non-commercial forest in Hubei Province has a large area of young and middle ages,a low age group grade,a single community structure,thin humus,and generally poor site conditions.It is the focus of quality improvement and efficiency of non-commercial forests in Hubei Province.(6)The principal component analysis of the indicator shows that the average breast diameter,average tree height,and tree accumulation are higher in the load of the first principal component,reflecting the growth status of the stand;The load is higher,reflecting the forest structure characteristics;the soil thickness,slope,and herbaceous layer coverage are higher in the third principal component load,which can reflect the site conditions of the forest land;the forest health level,naturalness,and humus thickness are the load of the four principal components is higher,which mainly reflects the forest health status.The evaluation indicators of the quality and effectiveness of non-commercial forests can be divided into four unrelated index types,which are the basis for the division of management types and the development of management strategies for the improvement of non-commercial forests in Hubei Province(7)According to the four main component indicator types,combined with the key indicators of the non-commercial forest evaluation index system and the analysis of key indicators for improvement,The low-quality and low-efficiency non-commercial forests in Hubei Province are divided into four types:stand poor growth,poor structure,poor site,and poor health.According to different types of low-quality and low-efficiency non-commercial forests,the objectives and principles of the management of quality improvement and efficiency-enhancing of non-commercial forests in Hubei Province were determined,the causes and judgment criteria of different types of low-quality and low-efficiency forests were analyzed,and the relevant technology was referenced based on the problem.The regulations put forward strategies for improving the quality and efficiency of different types of low-quality and low-efficiency non-commercial forest. |
