Wildlife Field Monitoring Using Infrared Cameras And Its Analysis In 3 Nature Reserves In Guizhou Province,China

Infrared camera trap technology has been widely used in the investigation and research of wild animals in nature reserves,and has become a mature means of monitoring terrestrial mammals and ground birds.In order to get a more detailed understanding of the current situation of bird and animal resources in the national nature reserves of Xishui,Kuankuoshui and Fanjingshan,which are located in northern and northeastern Guizhou,respectively,representing the Danxia landform,karst platform original landform and normal landform,and try to explore the topography the differences in the diversity of birds and beasts under the differences in landforms and vegetation types are expected to provide references for revealing the distribution pattern of biodiversity in the Guizhou Plateau.This article uses the period from March 2016 to April 2017,April 2018 to July 2018 and 2019 From April to July2019,the monitoring data of infrared cameras deployed in the 3 national nature reserves of Xishui,Fanjingshan,and Kuankuoshui and their surrounding areas have analyzed the composition and relative the richness,diversity index and daily activity rhythm were compared to explore the differences and characteristics of community diversity.At the same time,this article also makes full use of the monitoring data obtained by the Asian black bear（Ursus thibetanus）in the Xishui Nature Reserve to discuss the individual identification of large beasts monitored by infrared cameras.The main findings are as follows:1.During the study period,Xishui Nature Reserve monitored a total of 29species of birds in 3 orders,11 families,and 19 species of mammals in 4 orders,9families,including 8 red-bellied pheasants（Tragopan temminckii）and Tibetan monkeys（Macaca thibetana）.This is a national class II key protected animal.The Kuankaoshui Reserve has recorded 4 orders,8 families,13 species of mammals,and 3orders,7 families and 14 species of birds,including the black langur（Trachypithecus francoisi）and the white-necked long-tailed pheasant（Syrmaticus ellioti）.Red-bellied horned pheasant and other three national class II protected animals.Fanjingshan Reserve has a total of 21 species of mammals,4 orders,11 families,and 22 species of birds,3 orders,8 families,including Rhinopithecus brelichi and white-necked long-tailed pheasant 2 species of national Class I key protected wild animals and spoon chickens（Pucrasia macrolopha）,white-crowned long-tailed pheasant （Syrmaticus reevesii）and 8 species of national II-level key protected wild animals.2.Comparison of the similarity of bird and beast communities in the 3 reserves shows that Kuankuoshui Reserve and Fanjingshan Reserve both have the highest similarity in bird and beast communities;the level of species diversity in the reserve is better than that in the protected area outside the area,within the protected area,areas with high functional zoning levels have better bird and animal diversity.The level of bird and animal diversity in Xishui Nature Reserve and Fanjingshan Nature Reserve is better than that of Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve.At the level of family and genera diversity,the diversity of mammals in Fanjingshan Nature Reserve is relatively high,especially at the level of genera;the diversity of mammals in Xishui Nature Reserve is slightly higher and wider at the family level.Water mammals have the lowest degree of diversity in family and genera,while bird species in Xishui Nature Reserve have a higher level of family and genera diversity.Among the 5 vegetation types in 3 nature reserves,the bird uniformity index was only significantly different in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests（P=0.010<0.05）,and the mammal uniformity index was only in evergreen broad-leaved forests Significant difference（P=0.041<0.05）,the species diversity index of beasts is significantly different in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest（P=0.010<0.05）and bamboo forest（P=0.045<0.05）,while the bird species diversity index There are no significant differences due to different vegetation types.In the 3 altitude gradient ranges of 3 nature reserves,the animal uniformity index and the animal species diversity index are significantly different in the range of 500-900m（P=0.049<0.05,P=0.045<0.05）.Within the range of 900-1300m,only the animal species diversity index and the bird and animal species diversity index are significantly different（P=0.032<0.05,birds and animals:P=0.46<0.05）.In the range of 1300-1700m,only the bird uniformity index and the beast species diversity index of the 3 reserves have significant differences（P=0.019<0.05,P=0.042<0.05）.3.In terms of daily activity rhythm,the daily activity rhythm of Golden Pheasant（Chrysolophus pictus）in the 3 protected areas is frequent from 10:00 to 18:00,but the activity peaks are different from each other,and there is no significant statistical difference（PXishui Nature Reserve and Fanjingshan Nature Reserve=0.671,P Xishui Nature Reserve and Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve=0.932,P Xishui Nature Reserve and Fanjingshan Nature Reserve=0.887）;but 3activities of Golden Pheasant in the Nature Reserve Rhythms reached extremely significant statistical differences in spring and summer(P Xishui Nature Reserve Spring and Summer=0.000<0.01;P Fanjingshan Nature Reserve Spring and Summer=0.000<0.01;P Kuankuoshui Protection _Area=0.000<0.01).There is no significant statistical difference in the daily activity rhythm of the small muntjac（Muntiacus reevesi）in the three reserves(P _{Xishui Reserve and}ishui Reserve and Fanjingshan Reserve=0.843,P Xishui and Kuaishui=0.843,P Kuankuoshui and Fanjingshan=0.887),there are two peaks of activity（8:00-12:00 and 18:00-20:00）,but the peak of summer activities is earlier than that of spring and is significant or extremely significant in both spring and summer(P Xishui Nature Reserve Spring and Summer=0.004<0.05;P Fanjingshan Nature _Reserve=0.000<0.01;P_{Kuankuoshui Reserve}=0.000<0.01),indicating that the daily activity rhythm of the small muntjac is 3 There are huge differences between spring and summer in the reserve.4.Based on the infrared camera monitoring data of the rare animal Asian black bear（Ursus thibetanus）,using features such as position and posture combined with the infrared camera photo information,the individual identification and exploration is carried out,and it is estimated that there are at least 10 adult bear individuals in the monitored population,1 sub-adult black bear,2 larvae.The results show that the result of using only 30 minutes to set the standard may cause a deviation of 2.67-3times from the actual situation.The number of independent photos determined by the current time standard may overestimate the number of large mammals.Individual identification methods should be used to assist in determining animal populations to avoid large deviations in population calculations.