| It is reported that the proportion of overweight and obesity of dogs in western is 19.7-59.3%,and the proportion of obesity of dogs in Chinese is 35-40%.At present,the incidence of canine obesity is on the rise,obesity has become a major challenge in the clinic of small animals.Obesity not only causes dysfunction of various organs of dogs,reduce their lifespan,but also causes the increase in the incidence of other diseases,such as cardiovascular system diseases,bone and joint diseases,urogenital diseases,skin diseases,tumors,etc.,the immune function of the canine body,quality of life,etc.also cause serious lung negative impact,and also increase the risk of surgical anesthesia.Dog obesity has also become a hot topic in the pet industry.In order to understand the incidence of dog obesity in Chongqing,from June 2018 to December 2018,information was collected on 209 dogs from nine pet hospitals around Chongqing,Yongchuan and Rongchang.These information included dog breed,age,gender,sterilization or deranged,feeding environment,daily meals,dietary ingredients,exercise(exercise time and type),etc.The relationship between the occurrence of obesity in dogs and 4 animal factors,5 breeding factors and 5 management factors was analyzed by the nine-level physical scoring system to assess whether dogs were obese.For the blood index related to blood lipid metabolism in obese dogs and the liver changes of the main metabolic organs,12 healthy Chinese pastoral dogs aged 2 to 3 were randomly divided into control groups and trial groups,and 6 were in groups.The control group fed the basic diet,and the test group fed the high-fat diet(the total daily grain was 23%),and the test period was 150 days.Measure the thickness of sebum,physical condition score,ultrasound to check liver cell fat degeneration,detect blood lipid metabolism-related indicators(seroglyged triglycerides,total cholesterol,LDL,high-density lipoprotein,lipoprotein APO-AI,and APO-B,insulin),liver samples for paraffin tissue slicing,staining observation and other methods,the preliminary discussion of obesity dog blood lipid metabolism-related blood changes,liver tissue changes.Based on the ABSciexQTRAPLC-MS/MS testing platform,using a wide range of targeted metabolic group techniques,the control group of dogs,obesity model dog plasma amino acids and their derivatives,nucleic acids and their derivatives,organic acids,carbohydrates,lipids,bile acids,vitamins and other metabolic components were analyzed,and the role of obesity dogs and control dog metabolites differential and differential metabolites were analyzed.The expression levels of VLDLR and PPAR alpha mRNA in the livers of two groups of dogs were studied by RT-qPCR technology to give preliminary information on the molecular mechanism of the occurrence of infagology.The following results were obtained:1.Epidemiological survey of pet dog obesity in some parts of Chongqing: This trial surveyed 209 dogs in nine pet hospitals in three urban areas of Chongqing between June and December 2018,and the physical condition of the dogs was graded by the animal condition level 9 score method,resulting in a rate of 28.71 percent of the dog obesity.Among them,the incidence of sterilised dogs was higher than that of sterile dogs(p<0.05),and the incidence of obesity was significantly affected by the five feeding factors(import control,daily feeding,dog food types,snack use,dog population)(p<0.05),and 5 management factors(number of breeding,feeding environment,feeding methods,outdoor activities,exercise methods)which also had a significant effect on the incidence of obesity(p.05).2.The establishment of the obesity model of the dog: the test used a total fat content of 23% of the high-fat diet feeding dogs,150 days of testing,the rib protrusion assessment reached “++”;The thickness of sebum was significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.05),and the average body mass,serum TG,TC,LDL-c concentration were significantly higher than that of the control group(p<0.05),indicating that the obesity model of the dog was successfully established.3.Obesity model dog blood lipid metabolism and liver changes: the obesity model dog plasma lipoprotein,insulin detection and analysis was conducted,the results show that the concentration of obesity plasma APO-AI was significantly lower than the control group(p<0.05),indicating that when the concentration of blood plasma APO-AI,blood lipid transport disorder,could lead to elevated blood lipid levels,induce obesity;Liver ultrasound detection shows that the near-field echo in the liver area of obese dogs was enhanced,the far-field echo was weakened,the edge line of the membrane was slightly blurred,the liver essence diffuses dense dot-like echo,there was a small clumpy echo dense shadow,the liver tube was blurred.Liver tissue biopsy observation,obese dog liver cells wre arranged disorder,liver cells diffuse fat degeneration,liver cell plasma had different sizes of lipid droplets appear,indicating that obese dogs had liver fat degeneration(i.e.fatty liver).4.The results of the study of obesity dog metabolism group showed that,compared with the healthy dog,the obesity model dog plasma Hyodeoxycholic Acid,3-hydroxybutyrat,Malonicacid,3 metabolites significantly increased,Estrone,Formononetin,Borneol,L-Cystine,L-methionine,L-Cystathionine,N-Glyeyl-L-Leucine,7 metabolite significantly reduced.Metabolic pathway analysis,obesity model dog differential metabolites could be played through the metabolic pathways of cysteine and methionine,CAMP signaling pathways,fatty acid synthesis pathways and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways5.Study on key gene expression of liver lipid metabolism in obese dogs: collecting the liver tissue of obese model dogs and control group,extracting total RNA of liver,using RT-qPCR method to study VLDLR,PPAR alpha mRNA expression levels in the livers of two groups of dogs,results show that Obesity model dogs liver VLDLR and PPAR alpha were expressed lower than healthy dogs at mRNA levels. |
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