Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilizer And Density Interaction On Growth Characteristics And Yield Of Buckwheat

Buckwheat?Fagopyrum esculentum Moench?is a medical-food homologous crop with high nutritional and medicinal value.At present,the yield of buckwheat in China is low.How to build a high-quality and high-yield system has become an important topic in the field of buckwheat research in China.In this experiment,Tongbuck No.1?T1?and Tongbuck No.2?T2?were used as experimental materials.Three planting densities were set:60 plants/m²(D₆₀),90 plants/m²(D₉₀),and 120plants/m²(D₁₂₀),four nitrogen fertilizer levels:0g/m²?N₀?,9g/m²?N₉?,27g/m²(N₂₇),and 36g/m²(N₃₆).The effects of nitrogen fertilizer and density interaction on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics,yield and grain nutrients of buckwheat were studied.The aim was to determine the combination of optimal nitrogen rates and planting densities suitable for buckwheat cultivation and to obtain high yields.Cultivation technology research provides data support and theoretical reference.The findings are as follows:1.The interaction of nitrogen fertilizer and density has no significant effect on the growth period of buckwheat,but has a significant effect on the growth of buckwheat.The plant height and stem thickness of the two varieties of buckwheat at D₆₀ increased with the increase of nitrogen application,and at D₉₀ and D₁₂₀ showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The flowering period was significantly higher than Tongqiao No.2,and the stem diameter was significantly lower than Tongbucka No.2 during the growing period.The dry matter accumulation of buckwheat gradually increased with the growth period,and the leaf area showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The dry matter accumulation of buckwheat was D₆₀>D₁₂₀>D₉₀.The plant height and stem of the two buckwheat Crude,leaf area and dry matter accumulation all peaked at a density of 60 plants/m² and a nitrogen application rate of 36g/m².The root-to-root ratio of the two buckwheats showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the growth period,and the density was D₉₀>D₁₂₀>D₆₀,Tongqiao No.2 is significantly higher than Tongqiao No.1.At different density levels,the dry matter distribution of the two buckwheat in the nutrient and reproductive organs showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application.At a density of 120 plants/m²,the nitrogen application amount was 27g/m² to achieve nutrition The maximum value of organ allocation is that at a density of 90 plants/m² and a nitrogen application rate of27g/m²,more dry matter is transferred to the reproductive organs and is significantly different.2.Among the components of yield,the number of grains per plant,grain weight per plant,and thousand grain weight of the two buckwheat are all at a density of 60plants/m²,the nitrogen application rate is 36g/m²,and the single plant weight and Thousand kernel weight was significantly higher than that of Tongqiao No.1.Nitrogen fertilizer and density had a significant interaction effect on the grain yield of buckwheat.Both buckwheat reached the maximum grain yield at a density of 90 plants/m² and a nitrogen application rate of 27g/m²..Through curve fitting of nitrogen application rate and grain yield of two kinds of buckwheat at a density of 90 plants/m²,it was calculated that the optimum yield of 273.391 g/m² was obtained when Tongqiao No.1 had a nitrogen application amount of 22.897 g/m².When the nitrogen application rate was 19.688g/m²,the best yield was609.693g/m².The curve fitting of the density of two buckwheat at the nitrogen application rate of 27g/m² and the grain yield was also calculated.According to calculations,the density of Tongqiao No.1 was 96.353 plants/m²,and the optimal yield was 308.802g/m².The density of Tongqiao No.2 was 101.028 plants/m²,and the optimal yield was 614.868g/m².3.Nitrogen fertilizer and density had significant interaction effects on photosynthetic indexes of buckwheat.Except for the transpiration rate,the photosynthetic indexes of Tongqiao No.1 had a maximum density of 60 plants/m² and a nitrogen application rate of 27g/m².The photosynthetic index of Tongqiao No.2 reached the peak at a density of 60 strains/m²,with a nitrogen application rate of 36g/m².There was a positive correlation between the grain yield and photosynthetic index of the two buckwheat.4.The interaction of nitrogen application rate and density had significant effects on the nutrient content of buckwheat grains.At different densities,the soluble protein,soluble sugar and starch content of the two buckwheat grains increased with the increase of nitrogen application,and all had a maximum value at a density of 60 plants/m² and a nitrogen application of 36g/m².The contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in Tongqiao No.1 were lower than those in Tongqiao No.2,but the starch content of Tongqiao No.1 was higher than that in Tongqiao No.2.