| Some traits of Xianglushan chickens were studied by direct observation and determination in this study.These traits include appearance characteristics,growth performance,reproduction performance and egg-laying performance and so on.And the microsatellite molecular makers and the whole-length sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-LOOP region were determinationed and analysed in order to grasp breed characteristics and genetic diversity.The main research results of the experiment were as follows:(1)The annual egg production of Xianglushan chicken was 95 to 120.The days start to laying eggs was 195 to 210 days.the color of eggshell was light brown or white.The average egg weight was 45.86g±2.62,the eggshell thickness was 0.33±0.02,Both the fertilization rate and the hatching rate of fertilized egg were above 90%.The law of weight growth conformed to the curve of the Gompertz model;The average slaughter rate was 90.28%.The average eviscerated rate was 63.68%.The overall slaughter performance was high,which was at the level of high-quality chicken;The analysis of meat quality showed that the water content of cock breast muscle was 69.92%,protein content was 20.25%,crude fat content was 3.13%;the water content of hen leg muscle was 71.60%,protein content was 21.25%,crude fat content was 1.77%,which indicated that Xianglushan chicken was rich in Muscle Nutritional value.(2)The genetic diversity of 121 xianglushan chickens was analyzed using 21 microsatellite markers.The results showed that there were 85 alleles,the average number of alleles was 4.0476,the number of effective alleles was 2.9550,the Shanon index was 1.1708,the polymorphic information content was 0.5807,the observed heterophonising degree was 0.5757,the expectation heterometo was 0.6371;The result showed that the heterogeneity within the population was relatively high,the genetic diversity was relatively rich,and there was a certain breeding space.(3)This experiment analyzed the full-length sequence of mitochondrial DNA D-Loop region of 121 Xianglushan chickens by PCR amplification combined with bidirectional sequencing.The results showed that the total length of mitochondrial DNA D-Loop region of Xianglushan chicken was 1231-1233 bp.The contents of four bases A,T,C and G were 26.62%,33.55%,26.49% and 13.34%,respectively.The content of T base was the highest,the content of G base was the lowest,and the content of A+T was significantly higher than that of G+C.The results showed that the region might have certain base hobbies.11 haplotypes and 26 mutation sites were found in these 121 full-length sequences,2 of them were polymorphic information sites,24 of them were simple information sites,4 bases were inserted sites and 2 bases were missing sites.The results of genetic diversity analysis showed that haplotype diversity was 0.814,nucleotide diversity was 0.00447,the average nucleic acid difference was 5.494,which indicated that the genetic diversity of Xianglushan chicken was relatively rich,there were also some space for selection and breeding.The results of cluster analysis showed that the Xianglushan chicken originated from the Gallus gallus,and there were multiple matrilineal origins. |
