| The genomes of Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were screened using microsatellites as molecular markers. A total of 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds including Luyuan, Gushi, Tibetan, Baier, Xianju, Chahua, Dagu, Beijing Fatty, Langshan, Henan Game, Silkies and Xiaoshan chickens were typed for 29 microsatellite loci. The allele frequency, heterozygosity (H), mean heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content (PIC) were determined. The study also analyzed the differences of body measurements, body weight, slaughter traits, breast muscle qualities, egg laying performances, and the relationships between these traits and microsatellite loci. The results were as follows:I Genetic diversities in 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds 1. The polymorphisms of 29 microsatellite loci detected in 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were abundant and a total of 228 alleles were observed. The mean number of alleles was 7.86+5.19 in every microsatellite locus. Some alleles in some microsatellite loci were detected only in one Chinese indigenous chicken breed, for example the allele of 217bp in MCW248 locus was only detected in Silkies, and the allele of 310bp in MCW183 locus was only observed in Tibetan chicken, and so on. These alleles may be characteristic alleles of corresponding Chinese indigenous chicken breeds. Comparing 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds with 53 chicken breeds (lines) in Europe, the latter were no found 59 alleles which were detected in Chinese indigenous chicken breeds, especially, there were 17 alleles detected in LEI234 locus in the former. The results indicated that genetic differences were found between Chineseindigenous chicken breeds and chicken breeds (lines) in Europe.2. Mean heterozygosities of the 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds varied from 0.4492 to 0.6081, the PIC ranged from 0.3956 to 0.5542, and the mean effective number of alleles in 29 microsatellite loci ranged from 1.49 to 4.19. It could be concluded that the genetic diversities of 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were rather abundant. Comparing mean heterozygosity in Chinese indigenous chicken breeds with that in 52 chicken breeds (lines) in Europe, South Africa, Russian and Thailand, et al., genetic diversities were more abundant in Chinese indigenous chicken breeds than that in Europe, South Africa, Russian and Thailand, et al..3. In 29 microsatellite loci, Nei's genetic distance was estimated and used to construct dendrogram. 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds were clustered into two big groups. The first big group including 10 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds was divided into four groups as follow: Luyuan chicken and Xiaoshan chicken clustered together first, followed by Beijing Fatty chicken, formed the first group; the second group was made up of five indigenous chicken breeds: Baier and Xiaoshan chicken, Dagu chicken and Silkies merged together, respectively, Langshan chicken joined the latter, then the three indigenous chicken breeds joined the former; Henan Game chicken and Gushi chicken became the third and fourth group respectively. The second big group comprised Tibetan and Chahua chickens. Using method of minimum sum of squares within group (MinSSw), the clustering result was similar with that of afore-mentioned classification of 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds.4. The two clustering results of 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds by means of two different methods were basically same. Some differences were observed among the clustering results using 10, 20 and 29 microsatellite loci. The clustering result using 10 microsatellite loci was difference with that using 29 microsatellite loci. The clustering result using 20 microsatellite loci was similar with that using 29 microsatellite loci.II Comparison on body measurements, body weight and production performances among 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breedsThere were obvious differences of body measurements, body weight, slaughter traits and breast muscle qualities at 12 weeks of age in 12 Chinese indigenous chickenbreeds, and... |
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