| Salvia splendens,a plant of Lamiaceae Salvia,is a quite common flower and is widely used in the urban landscaping.It is often used in flower beds,or planted with other flowers,with good ornamental effect.There are abundant germplasm resources,various plant types and colors,and strong resistance in Salvia.There are many varieties of blue series in Salvia.The leaves of most Salvia have fragrance,but S.splendens has no blue series at present,the whole plant does not have fragrance,and is not frost and cold resistant Interspecific hybridization can merge good genes of different plants to increase its resistance,and to create new flower colors and mutation types.In this study S.splendens’ Baimawangzi’,’ Hongqingting’,’Hongsidai’,’Chengxiangjiaren’’Chengxiangmeihong’;S.coccinea’ Summer Jewel White’,’Summer Jewel Pink’,’Summer Jewel Leavender’;S.farinacea’ Fairy Queen’;S.guaranitica’ Black and Blue’,’Amistad’;S.discolor’ Andean Silver-leaf’.greggii ’Icing Sugar’;Salvia×jamensis’ Hot Lips’ were selected as materimals.Firstly,the biological information of pollination of the 14 species involved in this experiment was determined.According to the results,the best pollination period was determined and the parents were selected for interspecific hybridization.Secondly,the affinities of different interspecific hybridization combinations were discusse.d.According to the conditions of ovary enlargement,pre-fertilization obstacles were determined.Through observing the development process of young embryos and the growth and development of offspring,the possible post-fertilization obstacles of interbreeding between S.splendens and other plants in the same genus were understood.Finally,the authenticity of hybrid was preliminarily judged by observing the basic characters of hybrid.The main results are as follows:1.When the corolla was not expanded and the anther was not dehiscent,the pollen and stigma were already active,and showed a tendency of rising first and then falling.The stage of high pollen viability and stigma receptivity was mainly in the morning of flowering day.The stigmas of each parent are difid,but only the obtuse side of the lobe apex is fertile2.The pollination and fertilization process of S.splendens’ Baimawangzi ’and S.giaranitica’ Black and Blue ’cross had no compatibility barriers.The pollen grains germinated on the stigmas at 20min,reached the ovary at 4h,and the florets begin to fell off 8h after pollination.There were different degrees of hybridization obstacles between S.splendens and S.coccine、S.farinacea、S.discolor、S.greggii、Salvia×jamensis.3S.splendens ’Baimawangzi’,’Hongqingting’,’Chengxiangjiaren’ and ’Chengxiangmeihong’ had developed into globular embryos at 4d,heart-shaped embryos at 8d,cotyledon shape stage at 12d-16d,and most seeds matured at 24d-28d.The development processes of the hybrid embryo of’Baimawangzi’×’Black and Blue’,’ Hongqingting’× ’Black and Blue’,’Chengxiangjiaren’×’Black and Blue’,’Chengxiangmeihong’×’Black and Blue’ and ’Black and Blue’×’Black and Blue’ were similar to that of ’Baimawangzi’×’Baimawangzi’,but they began to appear abnormal from the 12th day,the cotyledon immature embryo form was normal,but smaller volume compared with selfing.The embryo began to appear abnormal from the 16th day,most of the young embryo hypocotyls were normal,but the shape of the two cotyledons was deformed.4.S.splendens had the best affinity with S.guaranitica’ Black and Blue’,next was with S.coccinea.There were 5 orthogonal combinations with S.splendens as the female parent and S.guaranitica’ Black and Blue’ as the male parent.1021 florets were crossed in total,and 1216 hybrid seeds were harvested.Only seeds of ’Baimawangzi’×’Black and Blue’ germinated after sowing,and 6 seedlings grew.The rate of hybrid seedling formation was low,and 4 progenies were intermediate type,2 were maternal type.There were 4 reciprocal crosses,the total number of hybrid florets was 204,and 22 ovaries expanded.2 hybrid seeds were harvested,but the seeds were shriveled and did not grow into seedlings. |
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