| In order to study the biological and mutagenic effects of 60Co-?-ray and neutron ray on herbaceous flowers,three herbaceous flowers,kale?Red gull?,celosia?Kimono?and calendula?Costa Rica?,were selected as the experimental materials.There were 5 treatments for kale with dosage of 0?CK?,30,60,90and 120Gy,and 5 treatments for calendula and celosia with dosage of 0?CK?,100,200,300 and 400Gy.The growth and development,physiology and biochemistry,and genetic variation of plants after irradiation were analyzed and studied,which laid a foundation for radiation mutation breeding of three kinds of grass flowers.The preliminary conclusions of this test are as follows:?1?According to the test results,the lethal dose of gamma ray irradiation of kale is more than 120Gy,and the lethal dose of neutron irradiation is between90Gy and 120Gy;for calendula,the lethal dose of gamma ray irradiation is more than 400Gy,and the lethal dose of neutron irradiation is less than or equal to 200Gy;for celosia,the lethal dose of gamma ray irradiation is more than400Gy,and the lethal dose of neutron irradiation is between 100Gy and 200Gy.The growth,physiological and biochemical characteristics of kale,calendula,and celosia after irradiated by?-rays and neutrons are different under different radiations.The biological effect of neutron is stronger than that of?-rays.?2?The variation range of flower height of calendula increased with the treatment of 200 Gy,which was beneficial to the breeding of high flower varieties;the variation range of flower diameter decreased with the treatment of400 Gy,which was beneficial to the breeding of large flower varieties.100 Gy of?-ray irradiation can improve the variation range of the height of celosia flower clusters,which is beneficial to the breeding of varieties with higher celosia flower cluster height.?-ray irradiation of 200Gy can significantly increase the variation range of the flower cluster diameter of celosia,which is conducive to the breeding of celosia cultivars.?-ray irradiation of 30Gy can increase the variation range of plant height and crown diameter of kale,which is conducive to the selection of high plant height and large crown diameter varieties.The plant height and biomass of calendula treated with neutron 100Gy were significantly inhibited,the flowering plant rate was significantly reduced,and the flower height was inhibited,which was conducive to the breeding of short flower varieties of calendula.After 100Gy neutron irradiation treatment of celosia flowers,the extreme values of flower cluster height and flower cluster diameter were significantly lower than that of the control.100Gy neutron irradiation was an appropriate dose for cultivating small flower type celosia flowers.Neutron irradiation of 90Gy can reduce the height and crown diameter of plants,which is beneficial to the cultivation of small-scale kale varieties.?3?The results of physiological and biochemical characteristics of three kinds of flowers under different irradiation modes and irradiation doses are as follows:After two kinds of radiation irradiation,the content of chlorophyll a,content of chlorophyll b and SOD activity of kale showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of radiation dose.Irradiation treatment reached the maximum value at 90Gy,and the treatment group was larger than the control group.The content of 30Gy chlorophyll in neutron treatment was the highest,and the activity of 60Gy SOD enzyme was the highest.The chlorophyll content of calendula showed an overall trend of decreasing with the increase of irradiation dose under the irradiation treatment.SOD activity increased first and then decreased as a whole.In neutron 100Gy,chlorophyll was slightly lower than that of the control group,and SOD activity was significantly higher than that of the control group.The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and SOD activity of celosia increased and decreased first,the chlorophyll reached the maximum at 100Gy and the SOD activity reached the maximum at the dose point of 200Gy,and the chlorophyll content and SOD activity of neutron treatment were slightly higher than those of the control group.?4?The plant variation of kale can be effectively induced by neutron irradiation of 60Gy.There were more bifurcations?8.16%?and leaf variations?2.04%?in kale under 60Gy neutron irradiation.High dose of?irradiation?300Gy and 400Gy?was beneficial to the variation of calendula flowers.In the300 Gy treatment of?-ray irradiation,there were stamen adhesion?1.34%?in calendula,stamen adhesion?2.34%?and floret adhesion?0.78%?in 400 Gy.After irradiation at any dose,the frequency of variation of celosia flower is higher than that of the control,or there is no variation in the control.Especially after irradiation with neutron 100Gy,the variation types are increased to five forms:leaf,flower with double or multiple heads,part of flower color becomes lighter,flower with cockscomb and overall flower type changes.The main characters are as follows:flower with double or multiple heads?12.5%?,flower color.The results showed that the flower pattern was changed in 12.5%and12.5%respectively.Neutron 100Gy irradiation can significantly increase the variation spectrum and frequency of celosia. |
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