Effects Of Cyanamide Treatment On Physiological Characteristics And Fruit Quality Of Early-growing Grape

Grape is one of the main cultivated fruit trees in Anhui Province.It is delicious,beautiful in appearance,and rich in nutrition.It is popular among consumers.Viticulture has the characteristics of early results,fast returns,and high benefits.In recent years,the scale of planting has continued to expand.However,due to the close maturity of the main grape varieties cultivated in the open field,the market is concentrated from July to September,the market competition pressure is high,and the sales price is low,and early cultivation can create suitable conditions for the growth and development of the grape and make it germinate earlier than the open field.The growth results will make the berries ripen earlier,realize the off-season supply,and improve economic efficiency.After the grape leaves fall into the dormant period,only after a certain amount of cooling can be satisfied can the dormancy be re-emerged and grown.Applying dormant buds with a sleep-breaking agent can release the dormancy of the grape in advance,and at the same time shed the shed to increase the temperature for early production.There are many related studies on early grape cultivation in the north of Anhui Province,but there are few studies in the province.There are no reports on the use of sleep-breaking agents on grape phenology,physiological characteristics and fruit quality.Therefore,this experiment used Xiahei early-growing grape varieties as the test material to study the dormant buds of different concentrations of monocyanamide after the winter pruning,and observe and analyze the effects on the phenology,physiological characteristics and fruit quality.The standardized use of early cultivation provides a theoretical basis and practical basis for large-scale application and promotion,to promote agricultural structural adjustment and increase fruit farmers' income.The main findings are as follows:1.Monocyanamide treatment can advance the phenology of grapes from the germination stage to the mature stage.The monocyanamide concentration of 3.6%,4.2%,5%,and 6.3% treatments are earlier than the control group(clean water treatment as control)At 21 d,21d,19 d,and 18 d,the maturity period was 23 d,25d,20 d,and 16 d earlier respectively.The difference between the test group and the control group was significant.The difference between the monocyanamide concentration at 3.6%,4.2%,and 5% was not significant at the maturation period.There was a significant difference in cyanamide concentration of 6.3%.Among them,the effect of early promotion after treatment with monocyanamide concentration of4.2% was the most significant.It entered the germination period 53 days after theapplication of the drug(treatment time of this test on December 17),which was 20 d earlier than the control group and 20 d earlier than the initial flowering period.The fruit setting period is 18 d earlier,the color transformation period is 40 d earlier,and the maturity period is 25 d earlier.2.The germination rates of the control group,3.6%,4.2%,5%,and 6.3%monocyanamide were 82.6%,80.9%,78.2%,75.3%,and 70.6%,respectively.The test group and the control group showed significant significance The difference is also significant between the test groups.The germination in the control group was neat and uniform,while the germination in the test group was irregular.The fruit branch rate in the control group and the four treatments were 89.3%,88.1%,86.7%,85.3%,and84.6%,respectively,with no significant difference.3.The changes of net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of Xiahei early-growing grapes with different concentrations of monocyanamide treatment showed a double peak curve,the peaks appeared at 11:00 and 16:00,at noon due to the light lunch break,some leaf stomatal Closed,the net photosynthetic rate decreased,and the trough appeared at14:00 divided by the valley.The net photosynthetic rate of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group.Except during the trough,the net photosynthetic rate was the highest under the treatment with 4.2% monocyanamide concentration at other times,and the net photosynthesis rate under the 3.6%monocyanamide concentration was closer to that under the treatment with 5%.The treatment with monocyanamide concentration of 6.3% was closer to the control group and lower than other treatments.The trends of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate,and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was negatively correlated with net photosynthetic rate.4.The total chlorophyll contents of the control group,3.6%,4.2%,5%,and 6.3%monocyanamide were 1.186 dmg · g-1,1.393 cmg · g-1,1.671 amg · g-1,1.693 amg · G-1,1.512 bmg · g-1,the test group and the control group showed a significant difference,and the test group also showed a significant difference.Chlorophyll a / b is negatively correlated with it,the difference is significant.The chlorophyll content of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group.The chlorophyll content was 1.671 mg ·g-1 with the highest concentration of monocyanamide 4.2%,and the lowest chlorophyll a / b value was 0.987.5.The root activity of the control group,3.6%,4.2%,5%,and 6.3%monocyanamide was 76.86 ? g.g-1.h-1,86.21 ? g.g-1.h-1,86.28 ? g,respectively..g-1.h-1,84.75?g.g-1.h-1,82.46?g.g-1.h-1,the difference between the test group and the control group was significant,and the difference between the test group was not significant.The root vigor 86.28?g.g-1.h-1 was the highest among the experimental groups under the treatment of 4.2% monocyanamide concentration.6.The four monocyanamide concentration treatments in the experimental group and the control group had no significant difference in single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter of fruit grains,and vitamin C,and were significant in the transverse diameter of fruit grains,fruit shape index,soluble solids,and soluble sugar.Sexual differences.After the treatment with monocyanamide,the color of the grape fruit is more purple-black,the fruit shape index is smaller,the taste is better,and the intrinsic quality of the fruit is higher.Among them,the weight of single fruit under the treatment of 4.2% of monocyanamide concentration was 5.42 g,the longitudinal diameter of the fruit was 2.16 cm,the transverse diameter was 1.94 cm,the fruit shape index was 1.11,the soluble solids were 15.37%,the soluble sugar was 14.80%,the titratable acid was 0.48%,The acid ratio is 30.8,the vitamin C content is60.4mg · 100g-1,and the overall fruit quality is better.7.The yield per mu in the control group,3.6%,4.2%,5%,and 6.3%monocyanamide concentration treatment was 5,200 yuan,17200 yuan,20950 yuan,14100 yuan,8900 yuan.Each treatment group had the highest economic benefit under the treatment of 4.2% monocyanamide concentration.The yield per mu was 1250 kg,and the average sales was 16 yuan / kg.The yield per mu was as high as 20950 yuan.Compared with the same early-cultivation model,the income of 5200 yuan was not broken.Increase 4 times.